The relationships of phenotype, genotype and some environmental factors with birth weight in Jersey calves

This study investigated the effects of parity, birth type, gender and birth season on birth weight in Jersey cattle and also investigated the relationships of phenotype and genotype with birth weight. Birth records of the Karakoy farm near Samsun, Turkey for the period from 1998 to 2005 were used as data for this study. Parity (P < 0.001), birth type (P < 0.001) and gender (P < 0.001) had a significant effect on birth weight, whereas season of calving and calving year (P > 0.05) were not significant. The birth weight mean of Jersey calves was 20.87 ± 1.79 kg. Total additive genotypic variance was 14.80, phenotypic variance was 38.95 and heritability of birth weight was 0.38. In planning a selection program to achieve ideal birth weight of Jersey calves, birth type, gender and parity need to be included, with the 4th or later parity been most influential.Key words: Birth weight, estimate of parameter, Jersey, parity, season of birth

Deafening silence? Marxism, international historical sociology and the spectre of Eurocentrism

Approaching the centenary of its establishment as a formal discipline, International Relations today challenges the ahistorical and aspatial frameworks advanced by the theories of earlier luminaries. Yet, despite a burgeoning body of literature built on the transdisciplinary efforts bridging International Relations and its long-separated nomothetic relatives, the new and emerging conceptual frameworks have not been able to effectively overcome the challenge posed by the ‘non-West’. The recent wave of international historical sociology has highlighted possible trajectories to problematise the myopic and unipolar conceptions of the international system; however, the question of Eurocentrism still lingers in the developing research programmes. This article interjects into the ongoing historical materialist debate in international historical sociology by: (1) conceptually and empirically challenging the rigid boundaries of the extant approaches; and (2) critically assessing the postulations of recent theorising on ‘the international’, capitalist states-system/geopolitics and uneven and combined development. While the significance of the present contributions in international historical sociology should not be understated, it is argued that the ‘Eurocentric cage’ still occupies a dominant ontological position which essentially silences ‘connected histories’ and conceals the role of inter-societal relations in the making of the modern states-system and capitalist geopolitics

The relationship between body dimensions and fat deposits in herik lambs

The aim of this research was to determine the relationships between some body measurements and fat deposits in the Herik lamb, reared in the central Black Sea Region of Turkey. In this study, data on 20 single-born male Herik lambs, namely 10 with short, round, fat tail, and 10 with long, semi-fat tails, were used. They were finished for an average of 105 days under intensive management after weaning and slaughtered at an average body weight of 40 kg. Several body measurements were taken before slaughter. Carcasses were cut into sections which were separated into meat, bone and fat. Weights of tail, carcass and non-carcass fat were recorded and used in the calculation of the total body fat weight. The highest correlation coefficient was between tail fat weight and the upper tail circumference (r= 0.937, P<0.01), and the lowest was between the fat tail weight and tail length (r=0.059). The upper and lower tail circumferences explained 88% of total variation in the tail weight, and 71% of total variation in total body fat, respectively. In conclusion, lower and upper tail circumference can be used to predict fat tail weight, as well as total body fat, in Herik lambs. More detailed studies are needed for the determination of the relationship between body measurements and fat deposits and to improve the carcass characteristics of Herik lambs

Health Care Services and the Elderly: Utilization and Satisfaction in the Aftermath of the Turkish Health Transformation Program

With the implementation of the health transformation program, Turkey has gone through substantial changes in its health system in the last decade. This study relies on two nationally representative data sets to investigate health service utilization and satisfaction of the elderly. In particular, it examines the share of elderly who have an unmet need for medical care and who could not afford a medical examination or treatment over the years 2006 to 2015, using data from the Turkish Survey of Income and Living Conditions. It also examines the utilization of health services and satisfaction from these services by the elderly in years 2004 to 2015 using data from the Turkish Life Satisfaction Survey. This study finds that utilization has increased and, coinciding with the introduction of the family medicine system, the percentage of patients choosing primary care facilities has increased. The share of the elderly with unmet need and those who could not afford health care have declined. Notwithstanding, overall satisfaction increased only until 2011-2012. Understanding the utilization and satisfaction of the elderly is important, because along with many other countries, the population is aging in Turkey. In the near future, health care needs of the elderly will have a higher priority on the agenda of policy makers

Where will Lycian salamanders, genus Lyciasalamandra, be in the near future in southwestern Anatolia, Turkey?

Lycian salamanders, genus Lyciasalamandra, are a group of seven allopatric, endangered species restricted to the Mediterranean coast of Anatolia, Turkey and certain adjacent Aegean islands. In this study, we created maps to prediction the potential ranges for six of these species using a maximum-entropy algorithm to identify the most significant environmental factors that shape their distribution. These projections were created under current climate conditions and for three future periods (2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100), using two shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs), middle-of-the-road (SSP370) and pessimistic (SSP585). We found that temperature and precipitation are the most important factors influencing the distribution of these salamanders in southwestern Turkey. Under both SSP scenarios, we found that five Lyciasalamandra species are likely to shift or reduce their ranges in the near future, while one species (L. antalyana) was predicted to expand its range. For the five negatively affected species, whose ranges are already highly ranges, this predicts that climate change combined with high anthropogenic pressure poses a serious risk of extinction. Significant population declines are predicted, particularly for L. billae and L. luschani. We hope that our findings can serve as a resource for the long-term conservation of these species and aid decision-makers in the development of effective management strategies. © 2023 by Herpetology Notes

The subscales and short forms of the dizziness handicap inventory: are they useful for comparison of the patient groups?

Purpose: Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) is one of the most frequently used surveys for vertigo. The aim of the study was re-analyze the consistency of subscales and correlation between original and different short forms. Method: The data of 2111 patients were analyzed. Original three subscales, screening form of DHI and short form of DHI were evaluated. The suitability of the data set for factor analysis and factor structure was analyzed with Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) coefficient, Bartlett’s Sphericity Test, and Varimax method. Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Results: Factor analysis showed that two factor solutions are more prominent in our data. The factors proposed in different studies are not in harmony with each other. There is high correlation between the original and screening and short forms of DHI. Conclusions: This study indicated that the factor structure of the scale was not consistent. It is not advised to use subscale scores for comparison especially in international level. Therefore, total score should be used rather than the scores of the subscales. Using DHI screening form instead of original 25 questions is more convenient, because it is highly correlated with the original one and has fewer questions.Implications for rehabilitation Factor structure of the DHI is not consistent enough for comparison of the international studies. Total score of DHI is reliable. Using the screening version of DHI is better, because it is highly correlated with the original form and has fewer questions (10 questions). © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor ; Francis Group

Effects of Protein in Diet and Sex Ratio on Egg Production, Egg and Hatching Chick Weight, Fertility, Hatchability and Embryonal Mortality in Pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus)

ABSTRACT This study was performed to investigate the effects of crude protein (CP) in diet and sex ratio on egg production, egg and hatching chick weight and hatchability traits in pheasants (Phasianus Colchicus). In this study, the treatment groups were constructed as 15% CP-5:1; 15% CP-7:1; 18% CP-5:1; 18% CP-7:1 for CP and sex (male:female) ratio respectively. The eggs were obtained from 48 weeks old pheasant. In this study, it was determined that there was positive effective on egg production, egg and hatching weight and hatchability of fertile eggs (HFE) for 18% CP. In contrast, fertility (FR) (p0.05), EPEM (p>0.05) and MPEM (p>0.05) tended to decrease with increasing CP. It was found that there was egg production, egg (p>0.05) and hatching weight (p>0.05), FR (p>0.05), HR (p>0.05) and HFE (p>0.05) increased with increasing female for sex ratio. In terms of embryonic mortality, the EPEM (p>0.05) and LPEM (p>0.05) rate decreased with increasing female. For protein levels × sex ratio, it was found that hatchability traits were adversely affected for 15% CP-1:7. Also, it was determined that the lowest EPEM, MPEM and LPEM were determined for 7:1 in 18% CP group. Based on these results, to improve hatchability traits and a lower embryonic mortality rate, it may be beneficial to use 15% CP-5:1 or 18% CP-7:1 for pheasant breeding