Trypanocidal activity of diarylheptanoids from Schrankia leptocarpa DC

AbstractSchrankia leptocarpa is a medicinal species use traditionally in Benin to treat malaria. A previous study showed interesting antimalarial activity against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Phytochemical investigation of S. leptocarpa DC. (Mimosaceae) led to the isolation of two diarylheptanoids (1–2), three phenolic acid (3–5), one p-coumaric acid derivate (6) and three flavonoids (7–9). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by combination of spectroscopic methods. All isolated compounds were tested in vitro for antiprotozoal activity against P. falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania donovani. Compounds 1 and 2 showed trypanocydal and antiplasmodial activities in the micromolar range. Compound 1 showed also strong submicromolar trypanocidal activity against T. b. rhodensiense with an IC50 value of=0.79±0.3μM

Phytochemical Screening and Nematicidal Activity of Lixiviate from Plantain and Banana Rachis

Nematodes are among the most economically damaging parasites of bananas (Musa AAA) and plantains (Musa AAB). The restriction on the use of nematicides has encouraged the development of alternative strategies. This work aimed to study the effects of plantain and banana lixiviate on Pratylenchus coffeae and Radopholus similis in vitro essay. P. coffeae and R. similis were exposed to four concentrations (5%, 15%, 25% and 35%) of each lixiviate for 48 hrs. These effects were compared with a water control and Fluopyram at 10%. Then they were transferred to water for 24 hours to assess the viability of the immobile nematodes. The percentages of immobility and mortality of the nematodes were determined. A phytochemical screening of plantain and banana lixiviate to identify their composition in secondary metabolites was also performed. Lixiviate presented nematostatic activity at 15%. Also, lixiviate showed nematicide activity at 25% and 35%. The percentage of mortality was higher in Pratylenchus coffeae than in Radopholus similis (40% against 30% for plantain lixiviate and 39% against 29% for banana lixiviate). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of secondary metabolites in proportions which vary few in the two compounds. In this study, we showed that plantain and banana lixiviate can be encouraging for developing methods for the biological control of banana parasitic nematodes.</jats:p

Chemical Variability of Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. et Diels Leaf Oil from Ivory Coast

International audienceThe chemical composition of 48 leaf oil samples isolated from individual plants of Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl. et Diels harvested in four Ivoirian forests was investigated by GC-FID (determination of retention indices), GC/MS, and 13C-NMR analyses. The main components identified were b-pinene (traces-59.1%), sabinene (traces-54.2%), (E)-b-caryophyllene (0.3-39.3%), linalool (0.1-38.5%), (E)-b-ocimene (0.1-33.2%), germacrene D (0.0-33.1%), a-pinene (0.1-32.3%), and germacrene B (0-21.2%). The 48 oil compositions were submitted to hierarchical clustering and principal components analyses, which allowed the distinction of three groups within the oil samples. The oil composition of the major group (Group I, 33 samples) was dominated by (E)-b-caryophyllene and linalool. The oils of Group II (eight samples) contained mainly b-pinene and a-pinene, while those of Group III (seven samples) were dominated by sabinene, limonene, and b-phellandrene. Moreover, the compositions of the Ivoirian C. patens leaf oils differed from those of Nigerian and Cameroonian origins

In vitro antileishmanial, antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activities of a new ventiloquinone and five known triterpenes from Parinari excelsa

Context: Parinari excelsa Sabine (Chrysobalanaceae) is an indigenous tree from West and Eastern Africa. This tree is used in Ivory Coast as an antimalaria remedy. Objective: The in vitro antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities of the stem bark, the leaf and the major compounds from the stem bark were investigated. Materials and methods: The leaves and stem bark from P. excelsa were separately collected, air-dried and powdered. Two extracts (methylene chloride and methanol) were realized for both powders. Every extract was tested for its antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities. Only the stem bark crude extracts were fractionated by column chromatography and their major components were analyzed by NMR, HRESIMS and IR methods. The compounds were tested for their antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activities. Results: The comparison of the IC(50) values of the crude extracts were in this ordrer: 3.41 (IC(50) of PeBMc) >4.10 (IC(50) of PeBMc) >4.42 (IC(50) of PeLMe) against P. falciparum and 5.19 (IC(50) of PeBMc) >12.32 (IC(50) of PeBMe) >19.33 (IC(50) of PeLMc) >32.37 (IC(50) of PeLMe) against L. donovani. The stem bark crude extracts were the most active against both parasites. Their fractionation leaded to a new ventiloquinone, five triterpenes and one chlorogenic acid. All these compounds were isolated for the first time from P. excelsa. High activities were observed with (3beta)-3-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (IC(50) = 8.2 microM) and 3beta-hydroxyolean-5,12-dien-28-oic acid (IC(50) = 7.7 microM) against L. donovani. With the antiplasmodial activity, the best activity was observed with 16beta-hydroxylupane-1,20(29)-dien-3-one (IC(50) = 28.3 microM). Discussion and conclusion: These findings demonstrated that the constituents of P. excelsa stem bark have in vitro antiplasmodial and antileishmanial activitie