Perfil volátil, contenido fenólico y actividad antioxidante de los aceites esenciales de semilla de chía (Salvia hispanica L.) obtenidos por diferentes métodos de extracción

This investigation aims to reveal the physico-chemical properties and volatile profiles of essential oils derived from chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) by employing both hydrodistillation (HDE) and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHDE) approaches. Microwaves are preferred for seed pre-treatment in HDE, whereas MAHDE uses microwaves directly. Each extraction technique showed different effects on the oil yield, physico-chemical quality parameters, antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content, as well as the volatile profiles of the essential oils. Although chia essential oils extracted by HDE have three and five times more total phenolic (30.6 mg GAE/kg oil) and antioxidant capacity (62.7 μM Trolox/100 g oil) values than these of MAHDE, chia essential oils extracted by MAHDE had a higher distinct effect on the yield (4.20%) of essential oils and prevented the loss of volatile compounds. Both essential oils were subjected to GC-MS analysis, which identified 40 and 48 volatile compounds (mainly as linalool, mesitylene, anethol, cumene, eugenol, β-ocimene, eugenol acetate) in HDE and MAHDE, respectively. The results of this study contribute to the potential use of chia essential oil as a valuable raw material in the food & nutrition, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This research represents the first documentation of the volatile profile of chia seed essential oil.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo mostrar las propiedades físico-químicas y el perfil de volátiles de los aceites esenciales derivados de las semillas de chía (Salvia hispanica L.) mediante el empleo de métodos de hidrodestilación (HDE) e hidrodestilación asistida por microondas (MAHDE). En la HDE se prefieren las microondas para el pretratamiento de las semillas, mientras que en la MAHDE se utilizan directamente las microondas. Cada técnica de extracción mostró efectos diferentes sobre el rendimiento de aceite, los parámetros de calidad físico-químicos, la capacidad antioxidante y el contenido fenólico total, así como sobre los perfiles volátiles de los aceites esenciales. En particular, el MAHDE tuvo un efecto significativo sobre el rendimiento de los aceites esenciales y evitó la pérdida de compuestos volátiles. Ambos aceites esenciales se sometieron a análisis mediante GC-MS, donde se identificaron 40 y 48 compuestos volátiles (principalmente linalol, mesitileno, anetol, cumeno, eugenol, β-ocimeno, acetato de eugenol) en HDE y MAHDE, respectivamente. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen al uso potencial del aceite esencial de chía como valiosa materia prima en las industrias alimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética. Esta investigación representa la primera documentación del perfil volátil del aceite esencial de semillas de chía

Efectos del tostado en microondas sobre el rendimiento y la composición de aceites de semillas de naranja prensados en frío

The aim of this study was to valorize orange (Citrus sinensis) seeds, which are generated as waste. This study presents data about raw orange seed, the meal gained after cold pressing, and characterization data of the cold pressed seed oils. Furthermore, the effects of microwave roasting of the seds compared to regular roasting (control) were determined. The oil yield of orange seed cold pressing was around 52.93–62.99%. After cold pressing, 13.57–17.97% oil remained in the meal together with 20.68–25.61% protein. Hence, pressed meals could be valorized for different purposes. Except for turbidity, the color b* value, free acidity, the p-anisidine value and antioxidant capacity, there was no significant difference between the two oil samples for the measured physicochemical properties. Six different fatty acids were quantified and the major fatty acids were linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids. The fatty acid composition of the orange seed oil can be accepted as nutritionally balanced. Among the fifteen sterols quantified, ß-sitosterol was dominant (around 77–78%). Likewise, the α-tocopherol content of the samples was not significantly different. The thermal onset and peak temperatures, and enthalpies for crystallization and melting were also reported. This study showed that good quality orange seed oils can be produced by cold pressing, and the oils could be used in food and non-food applications.El objetivo de este estudio fue revalorizar las semillas de naranja (Citrus sinensis), que se generan como residuos. Se presentan datos sobre la semilla de naranja cruda, sus harinas obtenidas después del prensado en frío y sobre la caracterización de los aceites de semillas prensadas en frío. Además, se determinaron los efectos del tostado en microondas de las semillas frente al tostado tradicional. El rendimiento del aceite de prensado en frío fue de 52,93–62,99%. Después de prensado en frío, 13,57–17,97% del aceite permanece en las harinas junto con 20,68–25,61% de proteína. Por lo tanto, las harinas de prensa podrían ser revalorizadas para diferentes propósitos. Excepto para turbidez, color b*, acidez libre, p-anisidina y capacidad antioxidante, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los aceites para las propiedades fisicoquímicas medidas. Los ácidos mayoritarios fueron linoleico, palmítico y oleico, en una proporción muy equilibrada nutricionalmente. Entre los quince esteroles cuantificados, el ß-sitosterol fue el predominante (77–78%). Los contenidos de α-tocoferol no fueron significativamente diferente. También se determinó las temperaturas de inicio térmico, picos y las entalpías de cristalización y fusión. Este estudio demostró que los aceites de semillas de naranjas de buena calidad pueden ser producidos por prensado en frío, y los aceites podrían ser utilizados en aplicaciones alimentarias y no alimenticias

Aceites de maiz prensados en frío Vs. refinado y winterizado: calidad, composición y aroma

The aims of this study were to characterize and compare cold pressed and fully refined winterized corn oils. Free fatty acidity (FFA), peroxide (PV) and p-anisidin (p-AV) values, saponification number, total carotenoid and phenolic contents of cold pressed corn oils were higher than that of the refined winterized corn oils. Linoleic and oleic acids (approximately 53-54% and 30-31%, respectively) were detected as the major fatty acids in both oil samples. Fifteen different sterols with a majority of β-sitosterol, campesterol, and stigmasterol were quantified in both oil samples. Although phenolic compounds were not quantified in the refined winterized oil samples, some flavonoids (hesperidin, rutin) and phenolic acids (gallic, syringic, rosmaniric and trans-ferulic) were detected in the cold pressed oil samples. This study concludes that cold pressed corn oils could be superior in terms of bioactive compounds but still need some quality improvements for sensory attributes.Los objetivos de este estudio fueron caracterizar y comparar los aceites de maíz prensados en frío y los totalmente winterizados y refinados. Los valores de acidez libre (FFA), peróxidos (PV) y p-anisidina (p-AV), índice de saponificación, contenido total de carotenoides y compuestos fenólicos de los aceites de maíz prensados en frío fueron superiores a los de los aceites de maíz refinados. Los ácidos linoleico y oleico (aproximadamente 53-54% y 30-31%, respectivamente) fueron los ácidos grasos mayoritarios en ambas muestras de aceite. Quince esteroles diferentes fueron cuantificados en ambos aceites siendo los mayoritarios β-sitosterol, campesterol y estigmasterol. Aunque los compuestos fenólicos no se cuantificaron en las muestras refinadas de aceites winterizados, se detectaron algunos flavonoides (hesperidina, rutina) y ácidos fenólicos (gálico, siríngico, rosmarínico y trans-ferúlico) en muestras de aceite prensado en frío. En este estudio se concluye que los aceites de maíz prensados en frío podrían ser superiores en términos de compuestos bioactivos, pero todavía necesitan algunas mejoras de calidad para los atributos sensoriales

Antimicrobial activity of cold pressed citrus seeds oils, some citrus flavonoids and phenolic acids

This study aims at determining the antimicrobial activity of cold pressed lemon, orange, and grapefruit seed oils, and to compare their activities with some antibiotic disks, flavonoid and phenolic acid standards. These oils had inhibition zones ranging from 6.62 to 11.00 mm against fifteen tested pathogenic bacteria. Only lemon seed oils and orange seed oil showed some inhibition against Candida utilis yeast. None of the oils had measurable inhibition zone against Micrococcus luteus ATCC 4698. Although most oils showed no growth inhibition even at a 100% concentration, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella Enteriditis ATCC 13076 inhibited at 100% oil concentrations. Cold pressed and solvent extracted lemon seed oils inhibited growth of Staphylococcus aureus RSKK 1009 at 2% level, and cold pressed and microwave treated-cold pressed orange seed oil inhibited growth of Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 at 16 and 50%, respectively. The antibiotic disks ampicillin, sulbactam, piperacillin, tobramycin, mezlocillin, amoxicillin and cycloheximide presented 3-4 fold larger inhibition zones (10.24 - 47.00 mm) than the oil samples. Similarly, flavonoid standards naringin, naringenin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, catechin and kaempherol; and phenolic acids gallic, syringic, tr-ferulic, rosmarinic, tr-2-hydroxycinnamic and chlorogenic acids had inhibition zones like the seed oil samples. Hence citrus seed oils pose moderate levels of antimicrobial activity and could be used as antimicrobial aids.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) [COST 1140876]This study was funded by the TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey), Project No: COST 1140876. The authors wish to express their gratitude for the fund

Effects of microwave roasting on the yield and composition of cold pressed orange seed oils

The aim of this study was to valorize orange (Citrus sinensis) seeds, which are generated as waste. This study presents data about raw orange seed, the meal gained after cold pressing, and characterization data of the cold pressed seed oils. Furthermore, the effects of microwave roasting of the seds compared to regular roasting (control) were determined. The oil yield of orange seed cold pressing was around 52.93–62.99%. After cold pressing, 13.57–17.97% oil remained in the meal together with 20.68–25.61% protein. Hence, pressed meals could be valorized for different purposes. Except for turbidity, the color b* value, free acidity, the p-anisidine value and antioxidant capacity, there was no significant difference between the two oil samples for the measured physicochemical properties. Six different fatty acids were quantified and the major fatty acids were linoleic, palmitic and oleic acids. The fatty acid composition of the orange seed oil can be accepted as nutritionally balanced. Among the fifteen sterols quantified, ß-sitosterol was dominant (around 77–78%). Likewise, the α-tocopherol content of the samples was not significantly different. The thermal onset and peak temperatures, and enthalpies for crystallization and melting were also reported. This study showed that good quality orange seed oils can be produced by cold pressing, and the oils could be used in food and non-food applications

Pelvic organ prolapse and collagen-associated disorders

Contains fulltext : 109010.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and other disorders, such as varicose veins and joint hypermobility, have been associated with changes in collagen strength and metabolism. We hypothesized that these various disorders were more prevalent in both POP patients and their family members. METHODS: In this study, the prevalence of various collagen-associated disorders, including POP, was compared between POP patients (n = 110) and control patients (n = 100) and their first and second degree family members. RESULTS: POP patients reported a higher prevalence of varicose veins, joint hypermobility and rectal prolapse and were more likely to have family members with POP as compared to the control group (p < 0.01). In contrast, the family members of the POP group did not report a higher prevalence of collagen-associated disorders compared to the family members of the control group (p = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS: POP and other collagen-associated disorders may have a common aetiology, originating at the molecular level of the collagens.1 maart 201

Computer work and musculoskeletal disorders of the neck and upper extremity: A systematic review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This review examines the evidence for an association between computer work and neck and upper extremity disorders (except carpal tunnel syndrome).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A systematic critical review of studies of computer work and musculoskeletal disorders verified by a physical examination was performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 22 studies (26 articles) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results show limited evidence for a causal relationship between computer work per se, computer mouse and keyboard time related to a diagnosis of wrist tendonitis, and for an association between computer mouse time and forearm disorders. Limited evidence was also found for a causal relationship between computer work per se and computer mouse time related to tension neck syndrome, but the evidence for keyboard time was insufficient. Insufficient evidence was found for an association between other musculoskeletal diagnoses of the neck and upper extremities, including shoulder tendonitis and epicondylitis, and any aspect of computer work.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There is limited epidemiological evidence for an association between aspects of computer work and some of the clinical diagnoses studied. None of the evidence was considered as moderate or strong and there is a need for more and better documentation.</p

Sonographic evaluation of the shoulder in asymptomatic elderly subjects with diabetes

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The prevalence of rotator cuff tears increases with age and several studies have shown that diabetes is associated with symptomatic shoulder pathologies. Aim of our research was to evaluate the prevalence of shoulder lesions in a population of asymptomatic elderly subjects, normal and with non insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was performed on 48 subjects with diabetes and 32 controls (mean age: 71.5 ± 4.8 and 70.7 ± 4.5, respectively), who did not complain shoulder pain or dysfunction. An ultrasound examination was performed on both shoulders according to a standard protocol, utilizing multiplanar scans.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Tendons thickness was greater in diabetics than in controls (Supraspinatus Tendon: 6.2 ± 0.09 mm <it>vs </it>5.2 ± 0.7 mm, p < 0.001; Biceps Tendon: 4 ± 0.8 mm <it>vs </it>3.2 ± 0.4 mm, p < 0.001). Sonographic appearances of degenerative features in the rotator cuff and biceps were more frequently observed in diabetics (Supraspinatus Tendon: 42.7% <it>vs </it>20.3%, p < 0.003; Biceps Tendon: 27% <it>vs </it>7.8%, p < 0.002).</p> <p>Subjects with diabetes exhibited more tears in the Supraspinatus Tendon (Minor tears: 15 (15.8%) <it>vs </it>2 (3.1%), p < 0.03; Major tears: 15 (15.8%) <it>vs </it>5 (7.8%), p = ns), but not in the long head of Biceps. More effusions in subacromial bursa were observed in diabetics (23.9% <it>vs </it>10.9%, p < 0.03) as well as tenosynovitis in biceps tendon (33.3% <it>vs </it>10.9%, p < 0.001).</p> <p>In both groups, pathological findings were prevalent on the dominant side, but no difference related to duration of diabetes was found.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that age - related rotator cuff tendon degenerative changes are more common in diabetics.</p> <p>Ultrasound is an useful tool for discovering in pre - symptomatic stages the subjects that may undergo shoulder symptomatic pathologies.</p

Evaluation of a new virtual-reality training simulator for hysteroscopy

BACKGROUND: To determine realism and training capacity of HystSim, a new virtual-reality simulator for the training of hysteroscopic interventions. METHODS: Sixty-two gynaecological surgeons with various levels of expertise were interviewed at the 13(th) Practical Course in Gynaecologic Endoscopy in Davos, Switzerland. All participants received a 20-min hands-on training on the simulator and filled out a four-page questionnaire. Twenty-three questions with respect to the realism of the simulation and the training capacity were answered on a seven-point Likert scale along with 11 agree-disagree statements concerning the HystSim training in general. RESULTS: Twenty-six participants had performed more than 50 hysteroscopies ("experts") and 36 equal to or fewer than 50 ("novices"). Four of 60 (6.6%) responding participants judged the overall impression as "7 - absolutely realistic", 40 (66.6%) as "6 - realistic", and 16 (26.6%) as "5 - somewhat realistic". Novices (6.48; 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.28-6.7) rated the overall training capacity significantly higher than experts (6.08; 95% CI 5.85-6.3), however, high-grade acceptance was found in both groups. In response to the statements, 95.2% believe that HystSim allows procedural training of diagnostic and therapeutic hysteroscopy, and 85.5% suggest that HystSim training should be offered to all novices before performing surgery on real patients. CONCLUSION: Face validity has been established for a new hysteroscopic surgery simulator. Potential trainees and trainers assess it to be a realistic and useful tool for the training of hysteroscopy. Further systematic validation studies are needed to clarify how this system can be optimally integrated into the gynaecological curriculum