Solvable Loop Quantum Cosmology: domain of the volume observable and semiclassical states

The dynamics of a flat Friedmann-Lema\^{i}tre-Robertson-Walker model minimally coupled to a massless scalar field has been intensively studied in the context of Loop Quantum Cosmology. This model admits an appropriate solvable representation, named sLQC. The form of the domain of the volume, the main observable to track the quantum evolution, is not straightforward in this solvable representation, and its explicit construction has been overlooked so far. In this work we find the explicit form of physical states belonging to the domain of the volume in sLQC. Specifically, given a physical state in the $v$-representation where the volume acts diagonally, we derive its form in the representation employed in sLQC, making explicit the connection between both representations at the physical level. To this end, we resort to the Wheeler-De Witt (WDW) approach, which shares the physical Hilbert space with sLQC when cast in an analog solvable representation, while being analytically solvable as well in the $v$-representation. Then the domain of the volume for the WDW approach provides that for sLQC. Furthermore, we address the question of semiclassicality in sLQC.Comment: 12 page

Spectroscopic Observations of Planetary Nebulae in the Northern Spur of M31

We present spectroscopy of three planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Northern Spur of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) obtained with the Double Spectrograph on the 5.1 m Hale Telescope at the Palomar Observatory. The samples are selected from the observations of Merrett et al. Our purpose is to investigate formation of the substructures of M31 using PNe as a tracer of chemical abundances. The [O III] 4363 auroral line is detected in the spectra of two objects, enabling temperature determinations. Ionic abundances are derived from the observed collisionally excited lines, and elemental abundances of nitrogen, oxygen, and neon as well as sulphur and argon are estimated. Correlations between oxygen and the alpha-element abundance ratios are studied, using our sample and the M31 disk and bulge PNe from the literature. In one of the three PNe, we observed relatively higher oxygen abundance compared to the disk sample in M31 at similar galactocentric distances. The results of at least one of the three Northern Spur PNe might be in line with the proposed possible origin of the Northern Spur substructure of M31, i.e. the Northern Spur is connected to the Southern Stream and both substructures comprise the tidal debris of the satellite galaxies of M31.Comment: 5 tables, 17 figures; accepted for publication in Ap

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modelling after subcutaneous, intravenous and buccal administration of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine in conscious cats

The aim of this study was to describe the joint pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model and evaluate thermal antinociception of a high-concentration formulation of buprenorphine (Simbadol™) in cats

An extended formalism for preferential attachment in heterogeneous complex networks

In this paper we present a framework for the extension of the preferential attachment (PA) model to heterogeneous complex networks. We define a class of heterogeneous PA models, where node properties are described by fixed states in an arbitrary metric space, and introduce an affinity function that biases the attachment probabilities of links. We perform an analytical study of the stationary degree distributions in heterogeneous PA networks. We show that their degree densities exhibit a richer scaling behavior than their homogeneous counterparts, and that the power law scaling in the degree distribution is robust in presence of heterogeneity

Electromagnetic Coupling through Arbitrary Apertures in Parallel Conducting Planes

We propose a numerical methodto solve the problem of coupling through finite, but otherwise arbitrary apertures in perfectly conducting and vanishingly thin parallel planes. The problem is given a generic formulation using the Method of Moments and the Green's function in the region between the two planes is evaluated using Ewald's method. Numerical applications using Glisson's basis functions to solve the problem are demonstrated and compared with previously published results and the output of FDTD software

Effect of Land Use and Organic Matter on Nitrogen and Carbon Labile Fractions in a Typic Hapludult

A study that was aimed to determine the effect of organic matter from groundnut and maize biomass on the availability of N and C labile fraction was conducted in laboratory and glasshouse, Iletry, Malang. Research used randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was land use : (1). Soil from land cultivated by cassava crops for less than 10 years, and (2). Soil from land cultivated by cassava crops for more than 30 years. The second factor was type of organic matter: (1). Groundnut biomass, (2). Maize biomass, (3). Groundnut-maize biomass, with a ratio of 1:1, (4). Groundnut – maize biomass, with a ratio of 2:1, (5). Groundnut – maize biomass, with a ratio of 1:2, and (6). Without organic matter. The results showed that application of groundnut and maize biomass were affect the N and C labile fraction. Application of groundnut + maize biomass increases N and C labile fraction more 40% than without biomass as well as the landuse of planted with cassava less than 10 years was 20 % higher N and C labile fractions than the land that has been planted with cassava more than 30 years. This research showed that analysis of N or C labile fraction is more sensitif than analysis of N total or C organic. It indicates that analysis of labile fractions can be used to analyze of N and C availability in the soil, beside of N total and C organic analysi

The Leaching of Iron and Loss of Phosphate in Acid Sulphate Soil Due to Rice Straw and Phosphate Fertilizer Application

Low phosphorus (P) availability and high iron (Fe) concentration are the dominant characteristics of acid sulphate soils (ASS).  Optimum agricultural management practices are required to leach the excess Fe2+  and to prevent or minimize loss of P from the soil in order to obtain conditions favorable for rice growth. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of organic matter (OM) application in the form of rice straw (RS) on leaching of Fe and loss of P in an acid sulphate soil. The experiment was conducted in the glasshouse consisting of three treatment factors utilizing the completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was soil condition consisting of continuous application of RS and without RS during the past five years. The second factor was application of fresh RS consisting of fresh RS application and without fresh RS application, whereas the third factor was P application consisting of three rates of SP-36 fertilizer (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 times of the recommended rate). The results showed that RS application was effective in preventing P loss from the soil at 6 weeks after planting (WAP) and decreased the pH of leachate at all observations time but it increased Fe2+ concentration in leachate (0.07-0.42% Fe2+ in the soil were leached or 2-5 folds higher than without RS application).Keywords: Acid sulphate soil, Fe, leaching, phosphate, rice straw[How to Cite: Fahmi A, B Radjagukguk and B Heru Purwanto. 2012. The Leaching of Iron and Loss of Phosphate in Acid Sulphate Soil Due to Rice Straw and Phosphate Fertilizer Application. J Trop Soils 17 (1): 19-24. doi: 10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.19] [Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2012.17.1.19