FUN3D and USM3D Analysis of the Propulsion Aerodynamic Workshop 2018 S-Duct Test Case

This work presents the results of Fun3D and USM3D analyses that were performed for the 4th AIAA Propulsion Aerodynamics Workshop (PAW). The PAW workshop is separated into three sections that focus on internal duct flows, nozzle flows and a special topic. This paper focuses on the internal duct flow section of PAW04 while an accompanying paper discusses the analyses performed for the nozzle portion. For the internal duct flow section, the PAW04 participants were provided with the two configurations consisting of an S-duct with and without aerodynamic interface plane (AIP) rake legs modeled. The participants were asked to perform a grid refinement study as well as a turbulence model study for the configuration with the rake legs. The analyses discussed here were performed on custom grids developed under the guidelines of the workshop. Additionally, the paper discusses the development and use of flow controllers for matching the desired flow characteristics. The results show that both solvers do well for predicting internal flow characteristics of the S-duct based on direct comparison with the experimental data. However, the CFD-to-CFD comparison proved to be more challenging due to the localized occurrence of supersonic flow near the rake legs when using the mass flow controller. A turbulence model study was performed to compare the two-equation SST model to the SA-QCR model. The results show that although the turbulence model does affect the solution, it makes a minimal impact on pressure recovery and inlet distortion intensity for this case. Suggestions for future workshops include gridding guidelines similar to those employed for the Drag Prediction Workshop series for the grid refinement study and a time accuracy study

External control and red tape: the mediating effects of client and organizational feedback

Bozeman’s (1993, 2000) external control model of red tape posits that organizations with higher degrees of external control will have higher levels of red tape. According to the model, this is compounded by entropy affecting the communication of rules and their results, limited discretion over rules and procedures, and non-ownership of rules. However, the model predicts that red tape will be mediated by communication from clients and within the organization. Bozeman’s model is often cited in the literature, but it has not been subjected to empirical verification. This study tests the model using data from a multiple informant survey of 136 upper tier English local governments conducted in 2004 and several secondary sources. Statistical results show that external control does indeed lead to higher levels of red tape. We then test a number of organizational feedback mediators and find that client feedback does little to mediate the effects of red tape; the major factor is trust between politicians and officers. We discuss these findings and propose some changes to the model.postprin

The governance of formal university–industry interactions: understanding the rationales for alternative models

This article develops a conceptual framework to explain the economic rationale underpinning the choice of different modes of governance of formal university–industry interactions: personal contractual interactions, where the contract regulating the collaboration involves a firm and an individual academic researcher, and institutional interactions, where the relationship between the firm and the academic is mediated by the university. Although institutional interactions, for numerous reasons, have become more important, both governance modes are currently being implemented. We would argue that they have some important specificities that need to be understood if university–industry knowledge transfer is to be managed effectively and efficiently

Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in Association with Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in the Endovascular Era: Vigilance Remains Critical

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are common complications of ruptured abdominal aortoiliac aneurysms (rAAAs) and other abdominal vascular catastrophes even in the age of endovascular therapy. Morbidity and mortality due to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ failure (MOF) are significant. Recognition and management of IAH are key critical care measures which may decrease morbidity and improve survival in these vascular patients. Two strategies have been utilized: expectant management with prompt decompressive laparotomy upon diagnosis of threshold levels of IAH versus prophylactic, delayed abdominal closure based upon clinical parameters at the time of initial repair. Competent management of the abdominal wound with preservation of abdominal domain is also an important component of the care of these patients. In this review, we describe published experience with IAH and ACS complicating abdominal vascular catastrophes, experience with ACS complicating endovascular repair of rAAAs, and techniques for management of the abdominal wound. Vigilance and appropriate management of IAH and ACS remains critically important in decreasing morbidity and optimizing survival following catastrophic intra-abdominal vascular events

The genteel frontier: westward expansion of womanly refinement

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2014. Major: English. Advisor: Donald Ross, Jr. 1 computer file (PDF); iv, 156 pages.This dissertation explores the ways four white, upper-class, well-educated American women who lived or traveled in the Great Lakes region from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s evoked and imposed standards of refinement and gentility in their works of travel writing as part of a strategy to urge other women to follow them to the West. Caroline Kirkland's A New Home, Who'll Follow? (1839), Eliza Farnham's Life in Prairie Land (1846), Margaret Fuller's Summer on the Lakes, in 1843 (1844), and Eliza Steele's A Summer Journey in the West (1841) are works whose authors were concerned about how well refined women could maintain domestic ideals in the primitive conditions of the Great Lakes region when faced with the effects of greater freedom, fewer models of ideal behavior, limited educational opportunities, and an influx of lower-class Americans and European-Americans. I argue that each of them identified the West as a place where courageous, capable, and refined women could exert appropriate, much-needed influence to bring about positive change, starting at home in the domestic sphere, resonating with higher levels of society, and ultimately influencing national character for the greater good. In their works, the four authors provided strategies for women like them from the Northeast to adapt and thrive on the frontier of continuous American civilization, while also considering marriage and family dynamics in the West, as well as what the United States' treatment of its indigenous population might indicate about the nation's moral compass. They showed that the combination of time, resources, and the influence of refined women held the promise of improved conditions and higher standards. My project fills a gap in scholarship about nineteenth century American women's travel writing by synthesizing and expanding upon others' approaches and considering four works by authors either largely overlooked by scholars (Steele) or not often considered in relation to one another (Kirkland, Farnham, and Fuller). Bringing their works together in one study that focuses on a particular time in a particular place allows for female perspectives about the frontier, the West, and settlement, offering a more complete and inclusive version of how the region was settled.Bozeman, Laura B.. (2014). The genteel frontier: westward expansion of womanly refinement. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/164770