Has the QCD RG-Improved Parton Content of Virtual Photons been Observed?

It is demonstrated that present $e^+e^-$ and DIS ep data on the structure of the virtual photon can be understood entirely in terms of the standard `naive' quark--parton model box approach. Thus the QCD renormalization group (RG) improved parton distributions of virtual photons, in particular their gluonic component, have not yet been observed. The appropriate kinematical regions for their future observation are pointed out as well as suitable measurements which may demonstrate their relevance.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX, 5 figure

Probing the parton densities of virtual photons with the reaction gamma^*gamma->jets at LEP

We present a next-to-leading order calculation of jet production in gamma^*gamma collisions from e+e- scattering in a region where the virtuality Q^2 of the probing virtual photon is small compared to the transverse jet energy. The calculation is based on the phase-space slicing method. The initial state singularity of the virtual photon is factorized into the structure function of the virtual photon, using the MS-bar factorization scheme for virtual photons. Numerical results are presented for LEP2 conditions. The perturbative stability of the pure direct virtual photon approach is compared to that of including resolved virtual photons in different regions of Q^2. We make predictions for cross sections which suggest that different parametrizations of virtual photon parton densities should be distinguishable by measurements of jet cross sections at LEP.Comment: 19 pages, 8 eps figue

l-dependent resonance absorption in the optical model description of alpha particle elastic scattering

The interaction of alpha particles with atomic nuclei is a useful tool for the investigation of the reaction mechanism and the structure of nucleus. Many experiments concerning the elastic scattering of alpha particles on atomic nuclei show some phenomena which are not fully understood [1-3]. Earlier investigations of the elastic alpha particle scattering from 12C [4, 5], ieO [4, 6], 20Ne [8], 24Mg [7, 8], 28Si [9, 10] and 40Ca [11-13] have revealed a strong energy dependence of the backward cross-section. The confrontation of theoretical predictions with the experiments shows that for these nuclei it is rather difficult to obtain good optical model fits to the elastic differential cross-sections in the full range of the scattering angles[…

Determination of αs\alpha_s from Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule by accounting for infrared renormalon

We recapitulate the method which resums the truncated perturbation series of a physical observable in a way which takes into account the structure of the leading infrared renormalon. We apply the method to the Gross-Llewellyn Smith (GLS) sum rule. By confronting the obtained result with the experimentally extracted GLS value, we determine the value of the QCD coupling parameter which turns out to agree with the present world average.Comment: invited talk by G.C. in WG3 of NuFact02, July 1-6, 2002, London; 4 pages, revte

The Potential for Neutrino Physics at Muon Colliders and Dedicated High Current Muon Storage Rings

Conceptual design studies are underway for muon colliders and other high-current muon storage rings that have the potential to become the first true ``neutrino factories''. Muon decays in long straight sections of the storage rings would produce precisely characterized beams of electron and muon type neutrinos of unprecedented intensity. This article reviews the prospects for these facilities to greatly extend our capabilities for neutrino experiments, largely emphasizing the physics of neutrino interactions.Comment: 107 pages, 16 figures, to be published in Physics Report

A measurement of alphas(Q2)alpha_s(Q^2) from the Gross-Llewellyn Smith Sum Rule

We extract a set of values for the Gross-Llewellyn Smith sum rule at different values of 4-momentum transfer squared ($Q^{2}$), by combining revised CCFR neutrino data with data from other neutrino deep-inelastic scattering experiments for $1 < Q^2 < 15 GeV^2/c^2$. A comparison with the order $\alpha^{3}_{s}$ theoretical predictions yields a determination of $\alpha_{s}$ at the scale of the Z-boson mass of $0.114 \pm^{.009}_{.012}$. This measurement provides a new and useful test of perturbative QCD at low $Q^2$, because of the low uncertainties in the higher order calculations.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Distribution of plantar pressure in healthy controls and patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes

WSTĘP. Celem pracy jest ocena rozkładu podeszwowych nacisków w grupie osób zdrowych i chorych na cukrzycę typu 1 i 2 przy obecności lub braku neuropatii ruchowo-czuciowej. Opisane badania stanowią wstęp do opracowania pierwszego polskiego obuwia profilaktycznego, uwzględniającego odciążenie miejsc wysokiego ryzyka owrzodzenia na stopie. MATERIAŁ I METODY. Przebadano grupę 215 zdrowych osób, 56 osób chorych na cukrzycę typu 1, 61 chorych na cukrzycę typu 2. Badano zaawansowanie przewlekłych powikłań cukrzycy, szczególnie neuropatii, którą oceniano na podstawie skali NDS, NSS i przewodnictwa nerwowego. Pomiar nacisku [N/cm2] wykonano za pomocą systemu Emed-SF V2.1. WYNIKI BADAŃ. Wśród osób zdrowych stwierdzono największe naciski pod 2 (38,8 N/cm2) i 3 głową (33,4 N/cm2) kości śródstopia. Podobne wyniki uzyskano w populacji osób chorych na cukrzycę typu 1. U chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 ciśnienie pod 2 (45,5 N/cm2), 3 (39,6 N/cm2), 4 (31,8 N/cm2) głową kości śródstopia było statystycznie istotnie wyższe w porównaniu z populacją zdrowych osób. Podobnie wysokie ciśnienie stwierdzono pod 3 i 4 głową kości śródstopia w cukrzycy typu 2 powikłanej neuropatią. WNIOSKI. 1. Miejscami największego nacisku u osób zdrowych są: paluch, pięta, 2 i 3 głowa kości śródstopia. 2. U chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 naciski na 2, 3, 4 i 5 głowie kości śródstopia są istotnie statystycznie większe niż u osób zdrowych i chorych na cukrzycę typu 1. 3. U chorych na cukrzycę typu 2 powikłaną neuropatią ruchową i czuciową najwyższe naciski występują na 3 i 4 głowie kości śródstopia i różnią się one istotnie statystycznie od grupy osób zdrowych. 4. Szczególnych zabiegów prewencyjnych w postaci odciążenia główek kości śródstopia wymagają chorzy na cukrzycę typu 2, zwłaszcza powikłaną neuropatią ruchowo-czuciową.OBJECTIVE. To investigate the distribution of plantar pressures in healthy subjects and in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes with or without sensorimotor neuropathy (SMN). The paper opens a series of studies aiming at the construction of the first Polish prophylactic footwear, which would offload the sites at high risk of plantar foot ulceration. MATERIAL AND METHODS. We studied 215 healthy subjects, 56 patients with type 1 diabetes, and 61 patients with type 2 diabetes. Chronic complications of diabetes were evaluated, especially neuropathy based upon NDS score, NSS score and neural conduction. We used the Emed-SF V2.1 system to measure plantar pressures [N/cm2]. RESULTS. Among the healthy individuals the highest pressures were observed below the second and the third metatarsal head (38,8 N/cm2 and 33,4 N/cm2, respectively). Similar results were found in the group of type 1 diabetes patients. However, the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had statistically significant higher pressures below the second, the third, and the fourth metatarsal head when compared with non-diabetic controls (45,5 N/cm2, 39,6 N/cm2, 31,8 N/cm2, respectively). Similar results below the third and fourth metatarsal head were observed in the group of type 2 diabetes patients complicated by diabetic neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS. 1. The highest pressures in healthy subjects were identified under great toe, the second and third metatarsal head. 2. Patients with type 2 diabetes have significantly higher pressures under the second through fifth metatarsal heads as compared with healthy subjects and type 1 diabetics. 3. In patients with type 2 diabetes complicated by SMN the highest pressures are found under the third and fourth metatarsal head, being significantly different from healthy subjects. 4. Special preventive procedures i.e. offloading metatarsal heads are necessary in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those with concomitant SMN

Impact of Venetoclax and Azacitidine in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia and IDH1/2 Mutations

partially_open16Purpose: To evaluate efficacy and safety of venetoclax + azacitidine among treatment-naïve patients with IDH1/2-mutant (mut) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients and methods: Data were pooled from patients enrolled in a phase III study (NCT02993523) that compared patients treated with venetoclax + azacitidine or placebo + azacitidine and a prior phase Ib study (NCT02203773) where patients were treated with venetoclax + azacitidine. Enrolled patients were ineligible for intensive therapy due to age ≥75 years and/or comorbidities. Patients on venetoclax + azacitidine received venetoclax 400 mg orally (days 1-28) and azacitidine (75 mg/m2; days 1-7/28-day cycle). Results: In the biomarker-evaluable population, IDH1/2mut was detected in 81 (26%) and 28 (22%) patients in the venetoclax + azacitidine and azacitidine groups. Composite complete remission [CRc, complete remission (CR)+CR with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi)] rates (venetoclax + azacitidine/azacitidine) among patients with IDH1/2mut were 79%/11%, median duration of remission (mDoR) was 29.5/9.5 months, and median overall survival (mOS) was 24.5/6.2 months. CRc rates among patients with IDH1/2 wild-type (WT) were 63%/31%, mDoR 17.5/10.3 months, and mOS 12.3/10.1 months. In patients with IDH1mut, CRc rates (venetoclax + azacitidine/azacitidine) were 66.7%/9.1% and mOS 15.2/2.2 months. In patients with IDH2mut, CRc rates were 86.0%/11.1% and mOS not reached (NR)/13.0 months. Patients with IDH1/2 WT AML treated with venetoclax + azacitidine with poor-risk cytogenetics had inferior outcomes compared with patients with IDH1/2mut, who had superior outcomes regardless of cytogenetic risk (mOS, IDH1/2mut: intermediate-risk, 24.5 months; poor-risk, NR; IDH1/2 WT: intermediate, 19.2 and poor, 7.4 months). There were no unexpected toxicities in the venetoclax + azacitidine group. Conclusions: Patients with IDH1/2mut who received venetoclax + azacitidine had high response rates, durable remissions, and significant OS; cytogenetic risk did not mitigate the favorable outcomes seen from this regimen for IDH1/2mut.partially_openembargoed_20230131Pollyea, Daniel A; DiNardo, Courtney D; Arellano, Martha L; Pigneux, Arnaud; Fiedler, Walter; Konopleva, Marina; Rizzieri, David A; Smith, B Douglas; Shinagawa, Atsushi; Lemoli, Roberto M; Dail, Monique; Duan, Yinghui; Chyla, Brenda; Potluri, Jalaja; Miller, Catherine L; Kantarjian, Hagop MPollyea, Daniel A; Dinardo, Courtney D; Arellano, Martha L; Pigneux, Arnaud; Fiedler, Walter; Konopleva, Marina; Rizzieri, David A; Smith, B Douglas; Shinagawa, Atsushi; Lemoli, Roberto M; Dail, Monique; Duan, Yinghui; Chyla, Brenda; Potluri, Jalaja; Miller, Catherine L; Kantarjian, Hagop

Activity of venetoclax in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: analysis of the VENICE-1 multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 3b trial

Background: Most patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia progress after treatment or retreatment with targeted therapy or chemoimmunotherapy and have limited subsequent treatment options. Response levels to the single-agent venetoclax in the relapsed setting is unknown. We aimed to assess venetoclax activity in patients with or without previous B-cell receptor-associated kinase inhibitor (BCRi) treatment. Methods: This multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 3b trial (VENICE-1) assessed activity and safety of venetoclax monotherapy in adults with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, stratified by previous exposure to a BCRi. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older with previously treated relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Presence of del(17p) or TP53 aberrations and previous BCRi treatment were permitted. Patients received 5-week ramp-up to 400 mg of oral venetoclax once daily and were treated for up to 108 weeks, with 2 years follow-up after discontinuation, or optional extended access. The primary activity endpoint was complete remission rate (complete remission or complete remission with incomplete marrow recovery) in BCRi-naive patients. Analyses used the intent-to-treat (ie, all enrolled patients, which coincided with those who received at least one dose of venetoclax). This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02756611, and is complete. Findings: Between June 22, 2016, and March 11, 2022, we enrolled 258 patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (180 [70%] were male; 252 [98%] were White; 191 were BCRi-naive and 67 were BCRi-pretreated). Median follow-up in the overall cohort was 49·5 months (IQR 47·2–54·1), 49·2 months (47·2–53·2) in the BCRi-naive group, and 49·7 months (47·4–54·3) in the BCRi-pretreated group. Of 191 BCRi-naive patients, 66 (35%; 95% CI 27·8−41·8) had complete remission or complete remission with incomplete marrow recovery. 18 (27%; 95% CI 16·8–39·1) of 67 patients in the BCRi-pretreated group had complete remission or complete remission with incomplete marrow recovery. Grade 3 or worse treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 203 (79%) and serious adverse events were reported in 136 (53%) of 258 patients in the overall cohort. The most common treatment-emergent adverse event was neutropenia (96 [37%]) and the most common and serious adverse event was pneumonia (21 [8%]). There were 13 (5%) deaths reported due to adverse events; one of these deaths (autoimmune haemolytic anaemia) was possibly related to venetoclax. No new safety signals were identified. Interpretation: These data demonstrate deep and durable responses with venetoclax monotherapy in patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, including BCRi-pretreated patients, suggesting that venetoclax monotherapy is an effective strategy for treating BCRi-naive and BCRi-pretreated patients. Funding: AbbVie