Factors shaping the composition of the cutaneous microbiota

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“Big Brother vous regarde”/“Vous regardez Big Brother”. Phénomène de (super)vision et impératif d’audience dans un programme de téléréalité

Rijaliti šou „Veliki brat“ predstavlja metaforu transformacije savremenih medija u pravcu njihove komercijalizacije i primata koji se daje zabavi u odnosu na klasične informativne i obrazovne sadržaje, što se u Srbiji dešava u kontekstu post-so-cijalističke transformacije. Hiperkomercijalni karakter VB je proizvod delovanja nove rukovodeće ideje u medijskoj sferi, a to je da se njihova uspešnost meri isključivo prema kriterijumu gledanosti. U svim verzijama Velikog brata („obični“ i VIP), okosnicu rija-liti programa čine dva elementa: fenomen nadzora i princip komercijalnosti programa. U ovom radu želele smo da te dve teme – nadzor i komercijalizaciju – povežemo kroz koncepte „panoptikona“/„sinoptikona“ i „gledanosti“, pokazujući u analizi da novo-ustoličeni kriterijum „gledanosti“ direktno zavisi od situacije u kojoj se nalaze gledaoci ovog rijaliti formata, situacije u kojoj „njih mnogo gleda i odlučuje o sudbini njih malo“. Analiziraćemo načine na koji se nastoji uticati na gledanost u samoj proizvodnji rijaliti-ja, kroz intervencije i usmeravanje radnje koje vrši produkcijski tim, ali i recepciju rija-litija na specijalizovanim forumima. U ovom drugom slučaju, sprovedena je netografijarecepcije VIP VB 2013, uzimajući u obzir diskusije na forumu i praćenje video snimaka na jutjubu. Na osnovu toga izdvojile smo najgledanije momente u rijalitiju, i sagledale razloge zbog kojih su pojedini događaji i/ili njihovi akteri zavredeli posebnu pažnju među gledaocima, povećavajući gledanost rijalitija, ali i multiplicirajući komercijalni efekat kroz učešće gledalaca na različitim medijskim platformama (sajtovi, forumi, in-ternet glasanje i sl.).The reality show “Big Brother” represents a metaphor for the transformation of contemporary media toward its commercialization and the primate which is given to entertainment as opposed to classic informative and educational content, which, in Serbia, takes place in the context of post-socialist transformation. The hyper commercialized character of “Big Brother” is the product of a new guiding idea in the media sphere, which is to measure success only on the criteria of ratings. In all versions of “Big Brother” (the “ordinary” as well as VIP), the framework of the reality show is made up of two elements: the phenomenon of surveillance and the commercial principle of the programme. In this paper we wanted to take these two themes – surveillance and commercialization – and connect them through the concepts of the “panopticon”/”synopticon” and “ratings”. In the analysis and discussion we will show that the newfangled criteria of “ratings” is directly dependent on the situation in which the viewers of the reality format find themselves, situations in which “many view and decide on the fate of the few”. We will analyze the ways in which the very production of the reality show is geared toward influencing the ratings, through interventions and the direction done by the production team, but also the reception of the show in specialized forums. In the second case, a netography of the reception of VIP BB 2013 was undertaken, taking into account the discussions in the forum and the monitoring of YouTube videos. Based on this, we singled out the most viewed moments in the reality show, and considered the reasons why certain events and/ or actors who participated in them garnered special attention among viewers, thus increasing the ratings of the show, but also multiplicating the commercial effect through the participation of viewers through different media platforms (websites, forums, online votes etc.)L’émission de téléréalité “Big Brother” est une métaphore de la transforma-tion des médias contemporains par leur commercialisation et par le primat don-né aux loisirs par rapport à des contenus informatifs et éducatifs classiques; en Serbie une telle transformation a effectivement lieu dans un contexte de trans-formation postsocialiste. Le caractère hyper-commercial de Big Brother est le produit de l’impact de la nouvelle idée dominante dans la sphère médiatique, qui est que leur réussite se mesure exclusivement selon le critère de l’audience. Dans toutes les versions de Big Brother (“ordinaires” et VIP), deux éléments sont à la base du programme de téléréalité: le phénomène de la supervision et le principe de la commercialité du programme. Dans cette étude nous avons voulu associer ces deux thèmes – la supervision et la commercialisation – à travers les concepts de “panoptique”/“synoptique“ et “audience”, montrant dans l’analyse et la discussion que le critère nouvellement instauré d’“audience” dépend di-rectement de la situation dans laquelle se trouvent les spectateurs de ce format de téléréalité, la situation dans laquelle “beaucoup regardent et peu décident du sort”. Nous analyserons les manières dont on s’efforce d’influencer l’audience dans la production même des réalités, à travers des interventions et le guidage de l’action qu’effectue l’équipe de production, mais aussi la réception des télé-réalités dans des forums spécialisés. Dans ce deuxième cas, une webographie de la réception VIP de Big Brother 2013 a été effectuée, prenant en compte les dis-cussions sur le forum et le suivi des enregistrements vidéo sur Youtube. C’est en nous appuyant là-dessus que nous avons distingué les moments les plus regardés de la téléréalité, et analysé les raisons pour lesquelles certains événements et/ou leurs acteurs ont mérité une attention particulière auprès des spectateurs, accroissant l’audience des téléréalités, mais multipliant aussi l’effet commercial à travers la participation des spectateurs sur différentes plateformes médiatiques (sites, forums, votes sur internet etc.)

Distribution of sulfur in power supply lignite from North Hungary

Abstract The present article discusses the results of measurements carried out to assess the distribution of different sulfur types in lignite samples deriving from two opencast lignite mines near the villages of Bükkábrány and Visonta. These mines ensure the continuous supply of fuel for one of Hungary's largest thermal power plant. According to our findings no significant differences could be identified between the samples of the two mines based on their total sulfur (St) content. Both lignite types were classified as coals with medium-sulfur content according to the system of Chou (1990). A majority of total sulfur is accumulated in lignite, while in the intercalated carbonaceous shale total sulfur is present in minor amounts. Usually the sequence of the distribution of sulfur among the different bond forms in lignite collected from opencast mine of Visonta is as follows: pyritic sulfur (Sp) > organic sulfur (Sorg) > sulfate sulfur (SSOorg4). In the samples collected from Visonta and Bükkábrány quantities of total sulfur were similar. However, some difference in their distribution among various sulfur types were noted. Although half of the samples were weathered and the amount of pyrite sulfur must have been higher in the weathered lignite of Bükkábrány preceding the oxidation process, the sequence of the distribution of sulfur was likely as follows Sorg ≥ Sp ≥ SSO4

Long-Term Followup of Dermal Substitution with Acellular Dermal Implant in Burns and Postburn Scar Corrections

Full-thickness burn and other types of deep skin loss will result in scar formation. For at least partial replacement of the lost dermal layer, there are several options to use biotechnologically derived extracellular matrix components or tissue scaffolds of cadaver skin origin. In a survey, we have collected data on 18 pts who have previously received acellular dermal implant Alloderm. The age of these patients at the injury varied between 16 months and 84 years. The average area of the implants was 185 cm2. Among those, 15 implant sites of 14 patients were assessed at an average of 50 months after surgery. The scar function was assessed by using the modified Vancouver Scar Scale. We have found that the overall scar quality and function was significantly better over the implanted areas than over the surrounding skin. Also these areas received a better score for scar height and pliability. Our findings suggest that acellular dermal implants are especially useful tools in the treatment of full-thickness burns as well as postburn scar contractures

Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 and protein kinase d1 related pathways by a multiple kinase inhibitor in angiogenesis and inflammation related processes in vitro.

Emerging evidence suggests that the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and protein kinase D1 (PKD1) signaling axis plays a critical role in normal and pathological angiogenesis and inflammation related processes. Despite all efforts, the currently available therapeutic interventions are limited. Prior studies have also proved that a multiple target inhibitor can be more efficient compared to a single target one. Therefore, development of novel inflammatory pathway-specific inhibitors would be of great value. To test this possibility, we screened our molecular library using recombinant kinase assays and identified the previously described compound VCC251801 with strong inhibitory effect on both VEGFR2 and PKD1. We further analyzed the effect of VCC251801 in the endothelium-derived EA.hy926 cell line and in different inflammatory cell types. In EA.hy926 cells, VCC251801 potently inhibited the intracellular activation and signaling of VEGFR2 and PKD1 which inhibition eventually resulted in diminished cell proliferation. In this model, our compound was also an efficient inhibitor of in vitro angiogenesis by interfering with endothelial cell migration and tube formation processes. Our results from functional assays in inflammatory cellular models such as neutrophils and mast cells suggested an anti-inflammatory effect of VCC251801. The neutrophil study showed that VCC251801 specifically blocked the immobilized immune-complex and the adhesion dependent TNF-alpha -fibrinogen stimulated neutrophil activation. Furthermore, similar results were found in mast cell degranulation assay where VCC251801 caused significant reduction of mast cell response. In summary, we described a novel function of a multiple kinase inhibitor which strongly inhibits the VEGFR2-PKD1 signaling and might be a novel inhibitor of pathological inflammatory pathways

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Autoantibodies Against the Complement Regulator Factor H in the Serum of Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by pathogenic, complement-activating autoantibodies against the main water channel in the CNS, aquaporin 4 (AQP4). NMOSD is frequently associated with additional autoantibodies and antibody-mediated diseases. Because the alternative pathway amplifies complement activation, our aim was to evaluate the presence of autoantibodies against the alternative pathway C3 convertase, its components C3b and factor B, and the complement regulator factor H (FH) in NMOSD. Four out of 45 AQP4-seropositive NMOSD patients (similar to 9%) had FH autoantibodies in serum and none had antibodies to C3b, factor B and C3bBb. The FH autoantibody titers were low in three and high in one of the patients, and the avidity indexes were low. FH-IgG complexes were detected in the purified IgG fractions by Western blot. The autoantibodies bound to FH domains 19-20, and also recognized the homologous FH-related protein 1 (FHR-1), similar to FH autoantibodies associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS). However, in contrast to the majority of autoantibody-positive aHUS patients, these four NMOSD patients did not lack FHR-1. Analysis of autoantibody binding to FH19-20 mutants and linear synthetic peptides of the C-terminal FH and FHR-1 domains, as well as reduced FH, revealed differences in the exact binding sites of the autoantibodies. Importantly, all four autoantibodies inhibited C3b binding to FH. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that FH autoantibodies are not uncommon in NMOSD and suggest that generation of antibodies against complement regulating factors among other autoantibodies may contribute to the complement-mediated damage in NMOSD.Peer reviewe