Immunoadjuvant potential of Azadirachta indica, Butea frondosa and Ficus religiosa against Swine flu vaccine antigen

Introduction: In general, primary or secondary metabolites derived from medicinal plant products might be responsible for stimulating or suppressing the immune system against specific protein antigens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the adjuvant potential of aqueous leaves extract of Azadirachta indica, Butea frondosa and Ficus religiosa against Swine flu vaccine antigen.Methods: In this study, our group evaluated the antibody (IgG) titre of Swine flu vaccine antigen (2 μg/mL) using variable doses (0.625–5 mg) of aqueous leaves extract of A. indica, B. frondosa and F. religiosa. In addition, Swiss mice were immunized subcutaneously (100 μL) on day 0 with Swine flu vaccine antigen (1:1000 dilution). Splenocytes were collected on day 7 and cultured with variable doses of aqueous leaves extract of A. indica, B. frondosa and F. religiosa pertaining to determine the total cellular content and splenocyte proliferation (Swine flu vaccine; Ovalbumin, OVA and Con A) assay. In addition, estimation of Th1 (IFN-gamma and TNF alpha) cytokines in cell culture supernatant containing swine flu vaccine antigen along with aqueous leaves extract were measured.Results: Aqueous leaves extract of A. indica, B. frondosa and F. religiosa showed anti-Swine flu titre at higher doses. In ex vivo animal model studies these three medicinal plants in the form of aqueous leaves extract enhanced total cellular content at higher doses but increased in splenocyte proliferation (Swine flu vaccine, OVA and Con A) assay at lower doses. Similarly, there was enhancement in Th1 cytokines (IFN-gamma, TNF alpha) with respect to swine flu vaccine antigen containing aqueous extract at lower doses as compared to control group.Conclusion: Aqueous leaves extract of A. indica, B. frondosa and F. religiosa showed adjuvant activity against Swine flu vaccine antigen and might be used in manufacturing active adjuvant for vaccine antigen

Land resource assessment for agricultural development in Seoni district (Madhya Pradesh), India

The objective of land resource assessment for rainfed agridevelopment in tribal dominated Seoni ditrict, Madhya Pradesh was to assess the suitability of thrity soil mapping units for sorghum-cotton based systems in relation to fertility constraints and for enhancing crop productivity. The arability and suitability analysis showed that fifty six per cent of arable land is suitable for eleven land use systems. The twenty two per cent of arable basaltic lands in northen plateaus were evaluated as suitable for for citrus, sorghum and soybean cropping systems with limitations of low available nitrogen, phosphorus and zinc whereas in southern precipitous zone , fifteen per cent of granitic lands were evaluated as suitable for sorghum and cotton with limitations of stoniness, low water holding capacity, low status of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc and eighteen per cent of area in sagar and hirvi river valleys for rice, citrus, maize, sunflower and vegetables. Out of 44.6 per cent of nonarable land, thirty seven per cent of land was evaluated as suitable for forestry / grazing and 6.8 per cent for wild life.The study advocates agroecological zonation for maximum utilization of land resources for potential cropping systems in improving produvtivity and fertility management

Effect of Progressive Gaze Stability Exercises on Holistic Aspects of Chronic Motion Sensitivity

Background: Motion sensitivity, also referred to as motion sickness, is a common condition among general population. It is a complex syndrome and is associated with presence of nausea and vomiting headache, drowsiness, cold sweating, pallor of varying degrees, increased salivation. Postural instability and anxiety are also identified to be associated with motion sensitivity. There is a close relationship between the vestibular system and motion sensitivity and vestibular system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive gaze stability exercises on holistic aspects of chronic motion sensitivity. Methods: A single blind randomized controlled trial was conducted where participants were blinded to type of intervention. Forty one healthy young adults of both genders within the age group of 20 to 40 years with chronic motion sensitivity were recruited in the study. Baseline and post intervention assessment of postural stability, motion sensitivity, and anxiety was measured for each participant using, Bertec Balance Advantage-Dynamic Computerized Dynamic Posturography with Immersion Virtual Reality (CDP-IVR), Motion Sensitivity Quotient (MSQ), Motion Sensitivity Susceptibility Questionnaire Short Form (MSSQ-Short), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI Form Y-2). Results: There was a significant difference for condition 2 (p=0.05), but not for condition 1 (p=0.44) for the mean CDP-IVR average score post intervention between the intervention and sham groups. For condition 2, the intervention group had 117% increase in CDP-IVR average score compared to 35.2% increase in the sham group. Also, there was a significant difference in mean MSQ between the two groups (p=0.045). There was a significant inverse correlation between MSQ and CDP-IVR average equilibrium % of Condition 1 (ρ = -0.44, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Progressive gaze stability exercises reduced motion sensitivity and improved postural stability in participants with chronic motion sensitivity. Also, perception of motion sensitivity was observed to be inversely correlated with postural stability. There was no impact of gaze stability exercises observed on subjective perception of anxiety among this population. Also, HEP adherence strategies were beneficial to ensure exercise adherence in participants with chronic motion sensitivity

Effect of Induced Oxidative Stress and Herbal Extracts on Acid Phosphatase Activity in Lysosomal and Microsomal Fractions of Midgut Tissue of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

Lysosomal and microsomal acid phosphatase activity was estimated in midgut tissue of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), after induced oxidative stress by D-galactose. The larvae were simultaneously were treated with ethanolic extracts of Bacopa monniera and Lactuca sativa to study their antioxidant properties. Lipid peroxidation and fluorescence was measured to analyze extent of oxidative stress. The ethanolic extract of Lactuca sativa was found to be more effective in protecting membranes against oxidative stress than Bacopa monniera

LONGICORN BEETLES AND THEIR DIET BREADTH FROM FORESTS OF KOLHAPUR DISTRICT, NORTHERN WESTERN GHATS, MAHARASHTRA

Signs of wood and bark boring activity and Cerambycidae larvae in living and felled forest trees were discovered during Spetember- October 2010 in the forests of Kolhapur district, Northern Western Ghats Maharashtra with a new host plant record. Prompted by this result, we conducted a field study to determine the complex assem- blage of bark and wood boring longhorn beetles and their breadth of diet with distribution in the forests of Kolhapur district. Adult specimens were collected by caging infested bole samples under the laboratory condi- tions as well as by applying light trap near the selected sampling sites in the forests of Kolhapur district. A total of 26 species were recorded during the study period under 23 genera distributed in 4 subfamilies of family Cermabycidae viz. Prioninae, Lepturinae, Cerambycinae and Lamiinae from the forest area of Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India. The beetles of economic importance are Aeolesthes holosericea, Xystocera globosa, Olenocamptus bilobus, Coptops aedificator, Batocera rufomaculata, Diorthus simplex, Plocaederus obesus, Celosterna scabrator, Stromatium barbatum and Xylotrechus subscutellatu. These species were recorded as major wood borer species in the forests of Kolhapur district. Cleonaria bicolor is being reported for the first time from this region of Western Ghats Maharashtra

Design and Optimization of Bicycle Frame for the Cyclist's Comfort

Bicycle plays an inherent role in our life. Bicycle riding is a globally popular sport and an economic transportation. The performance of frame is depends on the weight of the bicycle and frame design. Optimization of weight and structure of the bicycle frame is the best scope of optimizing the overall performance of the bicycle. When the rider ridding bicycle on rough surface, the induced vibrations will cause the fatigue of its rider and the fracture of its frame structure. This paper deals with the study of the structural design, modal analysis and optimization of bicycle frame by using composite material with help of FEA. Firstly structural analysis, numerical results obtained by applying dynamic loading condition. Secondly, the Modal analysis is used to identify modes of bicycle frame to calculate natural frequencies and mode shapes by using Finite Element Analysis. Finally, the analyzed frames are then optimized to reduce weight without affecting their capacity to be resistant to mechanical stresses

A Systematic Review of Current Scenario of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Grading using Image Content

A Systematic Review of Current Scenario of Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Grading using Image Conten

Reduction of Peak to Average Power Ratio using Selective Mapping Technique of an OFDM Signal: An Analysis

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a optimistic and very popular modulation technique in multicarrier domain which is quite promising regarding the issues of interferences present in next generation mobile communication systems. It deployed in the area where high data rate and low latency required while efficiency will be as better as possible. The critical problem in OFDM system is maintaining low PAPR (peak to average power ratio) because it reduces the performance of system. There are several techniques which are used to overcome problem of high PAPR in OFDM modulation system. One of the techniques is Selective Mapping (SLM) which comes in distortion less criteria. In this paper analysis of PAPR reduction of an OFDM system for distortion less transmission criterion is shown. We have also used some mathematical equations to calculate and simulate its performance. It’s also shown that SLM method grants the user a better PAPR reduction while having high complex circuitry

Knowledge and Awareness of Complications in Teenage Pregnancy

Introduction: A serious public health issue that affects millions of teenagers globally is teenage pregnancy. Girls between the ages of 15 and 19 account for about 11% of all births worldwide each year. Teenage pregnancy presents serious health risks to both the woman and the unborn child, even though becoming a mother can be a life-altering experience. Adolescent pregnancy complications can have severe long-term effects on one\u27s physical, mental, and financial well-beingMethods: This was an observational study conducted in Karad city, Maharashtra.198 people were included in study, who had their pregnancy before the age of 20. Certification was done from the protocol committee. After that certification was done from ethical committee.A questionnaire comprising withawareness aboutvarious complications that occurs in teenage pregnancy was used for study, and result was obtainedResults: Teenage pregnancy can result in a number of issues for both the mother and the unborn child. According to the report, the females are unaware about the complications that occurs during teenage pregnancy. The awareness regarding the complications in participants was; about Abortion (17.67%), Anaemia(39.89%), Pregnancy induced hypertension (34.34%), gestational diabetes(18.68%),caesarean section (48.98), Low birth weight (34.36), Still birth (4.54%), Pre term birth (29.79%), Neonatal death (8.58%).Conclusion: The findings shows that the most of the females are unaware regarding the high risk of complications that happens during teenage pregnancy