The mathematical description of the electrosynthesis of composites of oxy-hydroxycompounds cobalt with polypyrrole overooxidazed

The electrosynthesis of the composite with of the overoxidized polypyrrole with cobalt oxy-hydroxide in strongly acidic media has been described mathematically, using linear stability theory and bifurcation analysis. The steadystates stability conditions and oscillatory and monotonic instability requirements have been described too. The system´s behavior was compared with behavior of other systems with overoxidation, electropolymerization of heterocyclic compounds and electrosynthesis of the cobalt oxy-hydroxides

Density of some titanium-bearing silicate liquids and the compositional dependence of the partial molar volume of TiO2

The densities of thirteen silicate liquids along the Na2SiO3-TiO2 and CaSiO3-TiO2 joins and six other titanium-bearing silicate liquids of the general formula TiSiO5 (where X = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba) have been measured in equilibrium with air using the double Pt bob Archimedean method. The Na2SiO3-TiO2 join was investigated from 10–50 mole% TiO2 in the temperature range 1000–1150°C whereas the CaSiO3-TiO2 join was investigated from 10–80 mole% TiO2 in the temperature range of 1400–1625°C. Density increases with TiO2 content along both joins. Partial molar volumes of the binary endmembers, Na2SiO3 and CaSiO3, and of TiO2 have been computed. The partial molar volume of Na2SiO3 agrees well with that determined by Bockris et al. (1955). The partial molar volume of CaSiO3 is in disagreement with that of Tomlinson et al. (1958). The partial molar volume of TiO2 derived from a linear fit to the Na2SiO3-TiO2 join is 27.6(3) cm3/mole at 1150°C. The partial molar volume of TiO2 derived from linear extrapolation of the CaSiO3-TiO2 data to TiO2 at 1600°C is 24.3(4) cm3/mole. Comparison of the partial molar volume data from these binary joins with TiO2 liquid density data (Dingwell, 1991) requires the existence of a large positive excess volume in the Na2SiO3-TiO2 system at 1150°C

Rigorous results on spontaneous symmetry breaking in a one-dimensional driven particle system

We study spontaneous symmetry breaking in a one-dimensional driven two-species stochastic cellular automaton with parallel sublattice update and open boundaries. The dynamics are symmetric with respect to interchange of particles. Starting from an empty initial lattice, the system enters a symmetry broken state after some time T_1 through an amplification loop of initial fluctuations. It remains in the symmetry broken state for a time T_2 through a traffic jam effect. Applying a simple martingale argument, we obtain rigorous asymptotic estimates for the expected times ~ L ln(L) and ln() ~ L, where L is the system size. The actual value of T_1 depends strongly on the initial fluctuation in the amplification loop. Numerical simulations suggest that T_2 is exponentially distributed with a mean that grows exponentially in system size. For the phase transition line we argue and confirm by simulations that the flipping time between sign changes of the difference of particle numbers approaches an algebraic distribution as the system size tends to infinity.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure

Neural Correlates of the False Consensus Effect:Evidence for Motivated Projection and Regulatory Restraint

The false consensus effect (FCE), the tendency to project our attitudes and opinions on to others, is a pervasive bias in social reasoning with a range of ramifications for individuals and society. Research in social psychology has suggested that numerous factors (anchoring and adjustment, accessibility, motivated projection, etc.) may contribute to the FCE. In this study, we examine the neural correlates of the FCE and provide evidence that motivated projection plays a significant role. Activity in reward regions (ventromedial pFC and bilateral nucleus accumbens) during consensus estimation was positively associated with bias, whereas activity in right ventrolateral pFC (implicated in emotion regulation) was inversely associated with bias. Activity in reward and regulatory regions accounted for half of the total variation in consensus bias across participants (R2 = .503). This research complements models of the FCE in social psychology, providing a glimpse into the neural mechanisms underlying this important phenomenon

Time-dependent correlation functions in a one-dimensional asymmetric exclusion process

We study a one-dimensional anisotropic exclusion process describing particles injected at the origin, moving to the right on a chain of $L$ sites and being removed at the (right) boundary. We construct the steady state and compute the density profile, exact expressions for all equal-time n-point density correlation functions and the time-dependent two-point function in the steady state as functions of the injection and absorption rates. We determine the phase diagram of the model and compare our results with predictions from dynamical scaling and discuss some conjectures for other exclusion models.Comment: LATEX-file, 32 pages, Weizmann preprint WIS/93/01/Jan-P

Visual motherese? Signal-to-noise ratios in toddler-directed television

Younger brains are noisier information processing systems; this means that information for younger individuals has to allow clearer differentiation between those aspects that are required for the processing task in hand (the ‘signal’) and those that are not (the ‘noise’). We compared toddler-directed and adult-directed TV programmes (TotTV/ATV). We examined how low-level visual features (that previous research has suggested influence gaze allocation) relate to semantic information, namely the location of the character speaking in each frame. We show that this relationship differs between TotTV and ATV. First, we conducted Receiver Operator Characteristics analyses and found that feature congestion predicted speaking character location in TotTV but not ATV. Second, we used multiple analytical strategies to show that luminance differentials (flicker) predict face location more strongly in TotTV than ATV. Our results suggest that TotTV designers have intuited techniques for controlling toddler attention using low-level visual cues. The implications of these findings for structuring childhood learning experiences away from a screen are discussed

Challenges in the delivery of e-government through kiosks

Kiosks are increasingly being heralded as a technology through which governments, government departments and local authorities or municipalities can engage with citizens. In particular, they have attractions in their potential to bridge the digital divide. There is some evidence to suggest that the citizen uptake of kiosks and indeed other channels for e-government, such as web sites, is slow, although studies on the use of kiosks for health information provision offer some interesting perspectives on user behaviour with kiosk technology. This article argues that the delivery of e-government through kiosks presents a number of strategic challenges, which will need to be negotiated over the next few years in order that kiosk applications are successful in enhancing accessibility to and engagement with e-government. The article suggests that this involves consideration of: the applications to be delivered through a kiosk; one stop shop service and knowledge architectures; mechanisms for citizen identification; and, the integration of kiosks within the total interface between public bodies and their communities. The article concludes by outlining development and research agendas in each of these areas.</p

Estimating process capability index Cpm using a bootstrap sequential sampling procedure

Construction of a confidence interval for process capability index CPM is often based on a normal approximation with fixed sample size. In this article, we describe a different approach in constructing a fixed-width confidence interval for process capability index CPM with a preassigned accuracy by using a combination of bootstrap and sequential sampling schemes. The optimal sample size required to achieve a preassigned confidence level is obtained using both two-stage and modified two-stage sequential procedures. The procedure developed is also validated using an extensive simulation study.<br /

Diffusion in a generalized Rubinstein-Duke model of electrophoresis with kinematic disorder

Using a generalized Rubinstein-Duke model we prove rigorously that kinematic disorder leaves the prediction of standard reptation theory for the scaling of the diffusion constant in the limit for long polymer chains $D \propto L^{-2}$ unaffected. Based on an analytical calculation as well as Monte Carlo simulations we predict kinematic disorder to affect the center of mass diffusion constant of an entangled polymer in the limit for long chains by the same factor as single particle diffusion in a random barrier model.Comment: 29 pages, 3 figures, submitted to PR