Jager over de theorie van de internationale handel

International Trade;international economics

The basic structure of neoclassical general equilibrium theory

The macro theory of general equilibrium of a closed economy (GECE) is concisely formulated. Seen from two or more countries, the following notions used in the models are: kinds of goods and factors, output of goods, input of factors, price of goods and factors, endowment-, production-, and utility-function. The last three notions are treated as GECE-theoretical. The central hypothese of GECE using all the notions and several definitions, says that in all intended systems there exist equilibrium states. Here the inadequate distinction between GECE-theoretical and non-GECE-theoretical notions is used. But the formal apparatus constructed here can be used also in the more adequate meta-theoretical approach

WSES Jerusalem guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis

Acute appendicitis (AA) is among the most common cause of acute abdominal pain. Diagnosis of AA is challenging; a variable combination of clinical signs and symptoms has been used together with laboratory findings in several scoring systems proposed for suggesting the probability of AA and the possible subsequent management pathway. The role of imaging in the diagnosis of AA is still debated, with variable use of US, CT and MRI in different settings worldwide. Up to date, comprehensive clinical guidelines for diagnosis and management of AA have never been issued. In July 2015, during the 3rd World Congress of the WSES, held in Jerusalem (Israel), a panel of experts including an Organizational Committee and Scientific Committee and Scientific Secretariat, participated to a Consensus Conference where eight panelists presented a number of statements developed for each of the eight main questions about diagnosis and management of AA. The statements were then voted, eventually modified and finally approved by the participants to The Consensus Conference and lately by the board of co-authors. The current paper is reporting the definitive Guidelines Statements on each of the following topics: 1) Diagnostic efficiency of clinical scoring systems, 2) Role of Imaging, 3) Non-operative treatment for uncomplicated appendicitis, 4) Timing of appendectomy and in-hospital delay, 5) Surgical treatment 6) Scoring systems for intra-operative grading of appendicitis and their clinical usefulness 7) Non-surgical treatment for complicated appendicitis: abscess or phlegmon 8) Pre-operative and post-operative antibiotics.Peer reviewe