Evaluation of dum palm kernel activated carbon in chromium and lead adsorption from synthetic waste water

This study aimed at the co-current removal of chromium and lead ions from synthetic waste water using dum palm kernel activated carbon. The adsorption experiment was conducted by varying time, pH and concentrations of the simulated solution. The data obtained were analyzed, and the best conditions for the uptake were at pH of 6, equilibrium time of 40 minutes. The two best isotherms models for the adsorption system were Sip, and Dubinin–Radushkevich, models respectively. Based on the Temkin adsorption energy calculated as 9.5793 and 0.4997 J/mol, the uptake of lead and chromium were chemisorption and physico-sorption, respectively. The maximum uptake calculated from Dubinin–Radushkevich plots were 14.1696 and 7.7191 mg/g, for lead and chromium, respectively.International Journal of Environment Vol.5(3) 2016, pp.104-118</p

The Promising Precursors for Development of Activated Carbon: Agricultural Waste Materials- A Review

This paper contains a review on agricultural waste materials as promising precursors for development of activated carbon. The phenomenon behind higher adsorptive capacity of activated carbon or activated charcoal also known as solid sponge was mentioned. The composition and structure of activated carbon were also discussed. The agricultural waste materials availability, renewability, pollution control and economic benefit for activated carbon development were presented. The review also explained Steps involved in the development of activated carbon, Characterization and Properties of activated carbon as well as Applications of activated carbon and Contactors used

Regeneration of used lubricating oil as a source of energy

Conservation of natural resources by refining used lubricating oil was attempted in this work. Used lubricating oil was purified and distilled. The distillates obtained were divided into two temperature ranges of 60 - 210°C and 210 - 310°C. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of the two samples revealed that they have similar properties with gasoline and diesel fuels respectively. This result shows that used lubricating oils, which are usually regarded as waste, can be regenerated to obtain useful hydrocarbons that can be used as fuels to power internal combustion engine

Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics of Heavy Metals Removal from Tannery Effluent Using Composite Agricultural Waste as Adsorbent

Tannery waste waters are very complex and characterized by high content of organic, inorganic and nitrogenous compounds which include heavy metals. In this study, the adsorption Isotherm and kinetics of a composite adsorbent produced from the chemical activation of groundnut shell and rice husk were utilized as agricultural waste in the removal of Pb, Cr and Cd from tannery effluent. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlinch and Temkin isotherms, while the kinetics were studied using Pseudo-First-Order and Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic models. The results revealed that Langmuir isotherm model showed excellent fit to the experimental data for all the heavy metal adsorption onto Groundnut shell activated carbon (GR-AC). This can be seen from the high correlation coefficients R2. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) value was found to be 9.81 mg/g (Pb), 5.72 mg/g (Cr) and 4.25 mg/g (Cd) respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) values calculated from the Second Order kinetics model agreed well with the experimental values for Pb and Cd. In addition, the First Order Kinetic rate constant decreased with increase in initial metal ion concentration. The excellent correlation between the calculated qe and experimental qe values and higher regression coefficient R2 shows clearly that the adsorption of these heavy metals onto GR-AC followed Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic model. Therefore, groundnut shell and rice husk can effectively be utilized as agricultural waste to produce a composite adsorbent to remove Pb, Cr and Cd from tannery effluent

Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics of Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluent Using Composite Agricultural Waste

Tannery wastewaters are very complex and characterized by high content of organic, inorganic and nitrogenous compounds which include heavy metals. In this study, the adsorption Isotherm and kinetics of a composite adsorbent produced from the chemical activation of groundnut shell and rice husk were utilized as agricultural waste in the removal of Pb, Cr and Cd from tannery effluent. The experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlinch and Temkin isotherm while the kinetics were also studied using Pseudo-First-Order and Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic models. The result revealed that Langmuir isotherm model showed excellent fit to the experimental data for all the heavy metal adsorption onto Groundnut shell activated carbon (GR-AC). This can be seen from the high correlation coefficients R2. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) value was found to be 9.81 mg/g (Pb), 5.72 mg/g (Cr) and 4.25 mg/g (Cd) respectively. The equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) values calculated from the Second Order kinetics model agree well with the experimental values for Pb and Cd. In addition, the First Order Kinetic rate constant decreased with increase in initial metal ion concentration. The excellent correlation between the calculated qe and experimental qe values and higher regression coefficient R2 shows clearly that the adsorption of these heavy metals onto GR-AC followed Pseudo-Second-Order kinetic model. Therefore, groundnut shell and rice husk can effectively be utilized as agricultural waste to produce a composite adsorbent to remove Pb, Cr and Cd from tannery effluent