Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP): 3D Human Reference Atlas construction and usage

\ua9 The Author(s) 2025. The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) aims to construct a 3D Human Reference Atlas (HRA) of the healthy adult body. Experts from 20+ consortia collaborate to develop a Common Coordinate Framework (CCF), knowledge graphs and tools that describe the multiscale structure of the human body (from organs and tissues down to cells, genes and biomarkers) and to use the HRA to characterize changes that occur with aging, disease and other perturbations. HRA v.2.0 covers 4,499 unique anatomical structures, 1,195 cell types and 2,089 biomarkers (such as genes, proteins and lipids) from 33 ASCT+B tables and 65 3D Reference Objects linked to ontologies. New experimental data can be mapped into the HRA using (1) cell type annotation tools (for example, Azimuth), (2) validated antibody panels or (3) by registering tissue data spatially. This paper describes HRA user stories, terminology, data formats, ontology validation, unified analysis workflows, user interfaces, instructional materials, application programming interfaces, flexible hybrid cloud infrastructure and previews atlas usage applications

Thermal Conductivity and Charging & Discharging Characteristics of a Thermal Energy Storage System Blended with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3 </sub>Nanoparticles

Phase change material (PCM) based thermal energy storage systems (TES) are mandatoryto utilize solar energy efficiently and effectively. Paraffin is widely used phase change material and the only disadvantage with paraffin is that its poor thermal conductivity. The objective of the study is to increase the thermal conductivity of the PCM based TES. The thermal conductivity of the paraffin PCM blended with Al2O3 nanoparticle with different proportions was determined both experimentally and analytically for solid and liquid states. The different volume concentrations of Al2O3 nanoparticle blended with paraffin are 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.1. The charging and discharging characteristics of the thermal energy storage system was also determined for the above mentioned different volumetric concentrations of nanoparticles blended with paraffin using an experimental set up fabricated. It was found that, Al2O3 nanoparticle can be blended to maximum of 0.1% volume concentration with n-tricosane paraffin without any agglomeration. The significant improvement in thermal conductivity, charging &amp; discharging characteristics of the thermal energy storage system was observed corresponding to this proportion of blending.</jats:p