Physico-chemical and biological treatment of a dairy liquid effluent.

The effluent dairy industries are among the most organic-rich food waste. With high values of lactose, proteins, vitamins and minerals, it is a favorable medium for the growth of microorganisms such as fecal coliforms and streptococci. In addition, it has high levels of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus that indicates a significant pollution of the ecosystems where it is drained. This study focuses on the treatment of dairy effluent by two different methods. The first is a physicochemical treatment by coagulation, flocculation; using aluminum sulphate and sodium alginate. While the second process is a biological treatment using Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus spp. The results show a decrease of about 30% of chemical oxygen demand, 49% of turbidity, 78% of suspended solids and 20% of the total phosphorus. The second process has shown a significant reduction of all parameters better than the physico-chemical treatment, with fluctuations in efficacy between the strains tested. In conclusion, we have developed biotechnological processes, which are simple, economical and environmentally friendly for treating the discharges of the dairy industry and reduce polluting factor

Valorization of the wast descended from the hydrodistillation of Rosmarinus officinalis

The production of essential oils from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis)result the formation of lignocellulosic waste, not easily biodegradable andinvolve environmental problems. In this work we developed process toproduce monomeric sugars with high added value from this waste, after thetreatment respectively with the vapour (10min, 205°C under 1 bar) and acidhydrolysis ( sulphuric acid 0.5%).The acid hydrolysis thereafter, improved by pretreatments (explosion bythe steam of water), permits to damage all polymers recalcitrant to theacidic hydrolysis

Insecticidal activity of the powder from Capsicum frutescens (Solanaceae), Lavandula stoechas (Lamiaceae) and Syzygium aromaticum (Myrtaceae) against Callosobruchus maculatus insect pest of chickpea seeds

During storage, the seeds of legumes suffer considerable losses from several pests,mainly Callosobruchus maculatus. In Morocco, synthetic pesticides remain themost used means for the protection of stored products. They cause harmful effectson humans and the environment, in addition to resistance phenomena in pests.In perspective to develop a new approach to protect legumes againstCallosobruchus maculatus, the powder of three plants (Capsicum frutescens,Lavandula stoechas Syzygium aromaticum) applied to the laboratory undercontrolled conditions (25 ° C, 70 ± 5% relative humidity and 10h light) weretested against Callosobruchus maculatus at the expense of chickpea seeds at 0.1;0.5 and 1g. For each dose, 10 pairs of the weevil were released on 10g of treatedseeds. In the same conditions, lots of untreated seeds were used as witnesses.Daily mortality of weevil, eggs, laid, hatched and unhatched emitted on seeds,emerged adults were identified.The analysis of plant toxicity tests reveals that the powders of (lavender, hotpepper and cloves) exert a variable insecticidal action on the various parametersof Callosobruchus maculatus, and that the powder of cloves has the highest lethaleffect on adults weevil Callosobruchus maculatus at the same time as a maximalinhibitory effect on reproduction of the insect studied.It emerges from the various tests carried out that the plants used constitute ameans of biological control which could substitute for the use of syntheticpesticides in order to protect stored products against pests, while preserving theenvironment as well as the quality of the stored commodity