Temperature dependence of surface reconstructions of Au on Pd(110)

Surface reconstructions of Au film on Pd(110) substrate are studied using a local Einstein approximation to quasiharmonic theory with the Sutton-Chen interatomic potential. Temperature dependent surface free energies for different coverages and surface structures are calculated. Experimentally observed transformations from $(1\times1)$ to $(1 \times 2)$ and $(1 \times 3)$ structures can be explained in the framework of this model. Also conditions for Stranski-Krastanov growth mode are found to comply with experiments. The domain of validity of the model neglecting mixing entropy is analyzed.Comment: 7 pages, REVTeX two-column format, 3 postscript figures available on request from [email protected] To appear in Phys. Rev. Letter

Hydrogen atom in a spherical well: linear approximation

We discuss the boundary effects on a quantum system by examining the problem of a hydrogen atom in a spherical well. By using an approximation method which is linear in energy we calculate the boundary corrections to the ground-state energy and wave function. We obtain the asymptotic dependence of the ground-state energy on the radius of the well.Comment: Revised version to appear in European Journal of Physic

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN TINDAKAN MASYARAKAT TENTANG PENGENDALIAN VEKTOR DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI DESA TOUURE KABUPATEN MINAHASA TAHUN 2020

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang dapat dan sering menimbulkan wabah yang tidak jarang menyebabkan kematian. Berdasarkan data kasus DBD di tahun 2017 kasus DBD yang ada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tompaso berjumlah 9 kasus, pada tahun 2018 terdapat 8 kasus DBD di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tompaso, sedangkan di tahun 2019 sebanyak 36 kasus yang berada di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tompaso dan 18 kasus (50% dari total kasus) berasal dari Desa Touure Kecamatan Tompaso Kabupaten Minahasa. Masih tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian DBD salah satu faktornya adalah kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentand DBD dan tindakan masyarakat yang kurang baik dalam pengendalian vektor DBD berpotensi menjadi factor risiko penularan penyakit DBD. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan dan tindakan masyarakat tentang pengendalian vektor DBD di desa Touure kecamatan Tompaso tahun 2020. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian survei deskriptif. Sampel penelitian adalah masyarakat desa Touure kecamatan Tompaso sebanyak 70 masyarakat. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif berdasarkan distribusi frekwensi. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian berupa kuesioner selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan alat tulis menulis, komputer/ laptop dan kamera. Data yang diperoleh ditampilkan menggunakan tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan responden paling banyak terdistribusi pada kategori tidak baik (78,6%), menunjukkan bahwa tindakan responden paling banyak terdistribusi pada kategori tidak baik (70%).         Kata Kunci :Demam Berdarah Dengue, Pengetahuan masyarakat, Tindakan masyarakat ABSTRACTDengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a contagious disease that can and often causes epidemics that often cause death. Based on data on dengue cases in 2017 there were 9 cases of dengue fever in the Tompaso Puskesmas work area, in 2018 there were 8 cases of dengue in the Tompaso Puskesmas work area, while in 2019 there were 36 cases in the Tompaso Puskesmas work area and 18 cases (50% of the total cases) came from Touure Village, Tompaso District, Minahasa Regency. The high rate of DHF morbidity and mortality is one of the factors is the lack of public knowledge about DHF and poor community action in controlling the DHF vector which is a risk factor for DHF transmission. The research objective was to describe the knowledge and actions of the community about dengue fever in the village of Touure, Tompaso District in 2020. The type of research used was descriptive survey research. The research sample was 70 people in Touure village, Tompaso district. Data analysis was carried out descriptively based on frequency distribution. The instrument used in the research was a questionnaire in addition to that, research using written stationery, computers / laptops and cameras. Data that can be used using tables. The results showed that the respondents' knowledge was mostly distributed in the bad category (78.6%), indicating that the respondent's actions were mostly distributed in the bad category (70%). Keywords : Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Community Knowledge, Community Actio

Consistent Anisotropic Repulsions for Simple Molecules

We extract atom-atom potentials from the effective spherical potentials that suc cessfully model Hugoniot experiments on molecular fluids, e.g., $O_2$ and $N_2$. In the case of $O_2$ the resulting potentials compare very well with the atom-atom potentials used in studies of solid-state propertie s, while for $N_2$ they are considerably softer at short distances. Ground state (T=0K) and room temperatu re calculations performed with the new $N-N$ potential resolve the previous discrepancy between experimental and theoretical results.Comment: RevTeX, 5 figure

Is there an optimal irradiation dose for photodynamic therapy: 37 Jcm^-2 or 75 Jcm^-2?

Topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used for the treatment of Bowen’s disease (BD) and superficial basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The process involves oxygen‐dependent light activation of the tissue‐localised photosensitiser, protoporphyrin IX, three hours after pro‐drug application to the lesion. Current approved and licensed regimens involve application of either methylaminolevulinate (MAL, Metvix, Galderma, Switzerland) or 5‐aminolaevulinic acid in nanocolloid emulsion (ALA, Ameluz gel, Biofrontera, Germany) and subsequent light activation using narrow spectrum (630‐635 nm) red light (typically light emitting diodes (LEDs)), at an unweighted radiant exposure (“dose”) of 37 Jcm‐2 (1‐3)

The Effect of Lattice Vibrations on Substitutional Alloy Thermodynamics

A longstanding limitation of first-principles calculations of substitutional alloy phase diagrams is the difficulty to account for lattice vibrations. A survey of the theoretical and experimental literature seeking to quantify the impact of lattice vibrations on phase stability indicates that this effect can be substantial. Typical vibrational entropy differences between phases are of the order of 0.1 to 0.2 k_B/atom, which is comparable to the typical values of configurational entropy differences in binary alloys (at most 0.693 k_B/atom). This paper describes the basic formalism underlying ab initio phase diagram calculations, along with the generalization required to account for lattice vibrations. We overview the various techniques allowing the theoretical calculation and the experimental determination of phonon dispersion curves and related thermodynamic quantities, such as vibrational entropy or free energy. A clear picture of the origin of vibrational entropy differences between phases in an alloy system is presented that goes beyond the traditional bond counting and volume change arguments. Vibrational entropy change can be attributed to the changes in chemical bond stiffness associated with the changes in bond length that take place during a phase transformation. This so-called ``bond stiffness vs. bond length'' interpretation both summarizes the key phenomenon driving vibrational entropy changes and provides a practical tool to model them.Comment: Submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics 44 pages, 6 figure

Cefaclor pharmacokinetic parameters: serum concentrations determined by a new high-performance liquid chromatographic technique

Pharmacokinetic parameters of cefaclor were studied in eight patients after an oral dose of 250 mg. Serum samples were obtained before and on 19 occasions after oral administration. Cefaclor serum concentrations were determined by a new high-performance liquid chromatographic technique.</jats:p

Using nurses and office staff to report prescribing errors in primary care

Objective. To implement a prescribing-error reporting system in primary care offices and analyze the reports. Design. Descriptive analysis of a voluntary prescribing-error-reporting system Setting. Seven primary care offices in Vermont, USA. Participants. One hundred and three prescribers, managers, nurses and office staff. Intervention. Nurses and office staff were asked to report all communications with community pharmacists regarding prescription problems

Medication errors in the Middle East countries: a systematic review of the literature

Background: Medication errors are a significant global concern and can cause serious medical consequences for patients. Little is known about medication errors in Middle Eastern countries. The objectives of this systematic review were to review studies of the incidence and types of medication errors in Middle Eastern countries and to identify the main contributory factors involved. Methods: A systematic review of the literature related to medication errors in Middle Eastern countries was conducted in October 2011 using the following databases: Embase, Medline, Pubmed, the British Nursing Index and the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature. The search strategy included all ages and languages. Inclusion criteria were that the studies assessed or discussed the incidence of medication errors and contributory factors to medication errors during the medication treatment process in adults or in children. Results: Forty-five studies from 10 of the 15 Middle Eastern countries met the inclusion criteria. Nine (20%) studies focused on medication errors in paediatric patients. Twenty-one focused on prescribing errors, 11 measured administration errors, 12 were interventional studies and one assessed transcribing errors. Dispensing and documentation errors were inadequately evaluated. Error rates varied from 7.1% to 90.5% for prescribing and from 9.4% to 80% for administration. The most common types of prescribing errors reported were incorrect dose (with an incidence rate from 0.15% to 34.8% of prescriptions), wrong frequency and wrong strength. Computerised physician rder entry and clinical pharmacist input were the main interventions evaluated. Poor knowledge of medicines was identified as a contributory factor for errors by both doctors (prescribers) and nurses (when administering drugs). Most studies did not assess the clinical severity of the medication errors. Conclusion: Studies related to medication errors in the Middle Eastern countries were relatively few in number and of poor quality. Educational programmes on drug therapy for doctors and nurses are urgently needed