The Defense of Entrapment in the Federal Courts

Since 1932, the defense of entrapment has been firmly established in the federal courts; however, the doctrine itself is replete with basic confusion. In recent years, this underlying confusion has prompted the development of disparate rules governing the scope and application of the defense

Pleadings and Motions before Trial in Federal Criminal Procedure

Rule 12 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure gave the Supreme Court Advisory Committee more drafting problems than any other rule. Professor Orfield, a member of the Advisory Committee, traces the rule\u27s development through its drafting stages, analyzes the case law which preceded it, and studies the courts\u27 treatment of the rule since its enactment

Active Facilitation: What Do Specialists Need to Know and How Might They Learn It?

Sustained, innovative professional development is now widely acknowledged as essential to the improvement of mathematics instruction in the nation’s schools. In recent years, this recognition has prompted the production of a variety of materials designed to support new teacher development programs. However, with the availability of such materials, serious concerns arise as to the kinds of knowledge required of professional development providers, often teachers who have been assigned Mathematics Specialist roles, and the means by which this knowledge is to be acquired. The authors of this paper address such questions in the context of one professional development seminar, Developing Mathematical Ideas [1]. Our paper builds on the research of Remillard and Geist who identify the potential for learning in those moments of discontinuity—“openings in the curriculum —in which the beliefs, knowledge, and commitments of seminar participants diverge from those of facilitators or materials developers [2]. By looking closely at several such moments. we establish how successful facilitation entails deep content knowledge, awareness of seminar goals, and appreciation of the beliefs and understandings of seminar participants. We then describe the kinds of supports available to DMI facilitators to help them cultivate the skills and knowledge needed to exploit these openings productively. While the paper focuses particularly on professional development seminars. we suggest that our conclusions apply to Mathematics Specialists‘ tasks more generally

Spherically symmetric model stellar atmospheres and limb darkening II: limb-darkening laws, gravity-darkening coefficients and angular diameter corrections for FGK dwarf stars

Limb darkening is a fundamental ingredient for interpreting observations of planetary transits, eclipsing binaries, optical/infrared interferometry and microlensing events. However, this modeling traditionally represents limb darkening by a simple law having one or two coefficients that have been derived from plane-parallel model stellar atmospheres, which has been done by many researchers. More recently, researchers have gone beyond plane-parallel models and considered other geometries. We previously studied the limb-darkening coefficients from spherically symmetric and plane-parallel model stellar atmospheres for cool giant and supergiant stars, and in this investigation we apply the same techniques to FGK dwarf stars. We present limb-darkening coefficients, gravity-darkening coefficients and interferometric angular diameter corrections from Atlas and SAtlas model stellar atmospheres. We find that sphericity is important even for dwarf model atmospheres, leading to significant differences in the predicted coefficients.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&

CAFE Increases: Missing the Elephant in the Living Room

In a Joint Center paper, Kleit and Lutter identify externalities of about $0.08 per mile for driving light duty vehicles. Rather than recognize the huge externalities from current driving, they focus on a tiny increment that would come from increasing CAFE standards. A first best policy would tax congestion, pollution emissions and gasoline, and increase safety. If that policy is not politically feasible, a second best policy would increase gasoline taxes$1.75 per gallon. Contrary to Kleit and Lutter, we find sound economic reasons for CAFE.

Safey in Transportation: The Role of Government

Stora samhällsförändringar och ökande komplexitet inom välfärdsområdet ställer allt högre krav på verksamhets- och kunskapsutveckling. Denna utveckling tillsammans med krav från staten om samverkan mellan forskning och samhälle (Högskoleverket 2003; Statskontoret 2011) medför ett ökande behov av att tydligare knyta samman forskning och praktik. Kapitlets syfte är dels att argumentera för behovet av att knyta samman forskning inom välfärdsområdet med utvecklingsarbete i kommunernas verksamheter och dels att diskutera hur den internationellt etablerade forskningstraditionen praktikforskning kan erbjuda ett förhållningssätt och ett verktyg i detta arbete. Texten utgör ett exempel på kommunstrategisk forskning med fokus på socialtjänstens område, men resonemanget torde vara relevant för stora delar av välfärdsområdet