A halo expansion technique for approximating simulated dark matter haloes

We apply a basis function expansion method to create a time-evolving density/potential approximation of the late growth of simulated N-body dark matter haloes. We demonstrate how the potential of a halo from the Aquarius Project can be accurately represented by a small number of basis functions, and show that the halo expansion (HEX) method provides a way to replay simulations. We explore the level of accuracy of the technique as well as some of its limitations. We find that the number of terms included in the expansion must be large enough to resolve the large-scale distribution and shape of the halo but, beyond this, additional terms result in little further improvement. Particle and subhalo orbits can be integrated in this realistic, time-varying halo potential approximation, at much lower cost than the original simulation, with high fidelity for many individual orbits, and a good match to the distributions of orbital energy and angular momentum. Statistically, the evolution of structural subhalo properties, such as mass, half-mass radius and characteristic circular velocity, are very well reproduced in the HEX approximation over several Gyr. We demonstrate an application of the technique by following the evolution of an orbiting subhalo at much higher resolution than can be achieved in the original simulation. Our method represents a significant improvement over commonly used techniques based on static analytical descriptions of the halo potential

RETENSI NITROGEN DAN ENERGI METABOLIS RANSUM PADA AYAM BROILER YANG MENGGUNAKAN TEPUNG SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor (L). moench) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI JAGUNG

ABSTRACTNITROGEN RETENTION AND METABOLIC ENERGY OF BROILER CHICKEN RATION USING SORGHUM MEAL (Sorghum bicolor (L). moench) AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN. The aims of this study was to determine the value of Nitrogen Rretention (RN) and Nitrogen-Corrected Metabolic Energy (AMEn) rations using sorghum meal as a substitute for corn in broiler chickens. The study was carried out using 20 broiler strain Cobb aged six weeks consisting of six preliminary days and four days of data collection. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used which is consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments used are: R0 = substitute 100% corn or sorghum 0%, R1 = substitute 25% corn or sorghum 12.5%, R2 = substitute 50% corn or sorghum 25%, R3 = substitute 75% corn or sorghum 37.5%, and R4 = substitute 100% corn orsorghum 50%. The variables observed were the Nitrogen Retention value (RN) and Nitrogen Corrected Metabolic Energy (AMEn). Study showed that RN value of R0 (63.38%), R1 (65.69%), R2 (70.76%), R3 (70.77%), R4 (68.03%) and AMEn R0 (2417 , 14 Kkl / kg), R1 (2331.17 Kkl / kg), R2 (2157.87 Kkl / kg), R3 (2261.17 Kkl / kg) R4 (2290.02 Kkl / kg). he treatment gave no significant effect (P> 0.05) on RN value and AMEn. Based on this study it can be concluded that sorghum flour can replace corn to 100% or use 50% in broiler ration seen from the N retention value (68.03%) and AMEn value (2290.02 Kkl / kg).Keywords :     Broiler chicken, corn, metabolic energy, nitrogen retention, sorghu

Creating mock catalogues of stellar haloes from cosmological simulations

We present a new technique for creating mock catalogues of the individual stars that make up the accreted component of stellar haloes in cosmological simulations and show how the catalogues can be used to test and interpret observational data. The catalogues are constructed from a combination of methods. A semi-analytic galaxy formation model is used to calculate the star formation history in haloes in an N-body simulation and dark matter particles are tagged with this stellar mass. The tags are converted into individual stars using a stellar population synthesis model to obtain the number density and evolutionary stage of the stars, together with a phase-space sampling method that distributes the stars while ensuring that the phase-space structure of the original N-body simulation is maintained. A set of catalogues based on the Λ cold dark matter Aquarius simulations of Milky Way mass haloes have been created and made publicly available on a website. Two example applications are discussed that demonstrate the power and flexibility of the mock catalogues. We show how the rich stellar substructure that survives in the stellar halo precludes a simple measurement of its density profile and demonstrate explicitly how pencil-beam surveys can return almost any value for the slope of the profile. We also show that localized variations in the abundance of particular types of stars, a signature of differences in the composition of stellar populations, allow streams to be easily identified

RETENSI NITROGEN DAN ENERGI METABOLIS RANSUM PADA AYAM BROILER YANG MENGGUNAKAN TEPUNG SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor (L). moench) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI JAGUNG

ABSTRACTNITROGEN RETENTION AND METABOLIC ENERGY OF BROILER CHICKEN RATION USING SORGHUM MEAL (Sorghum bicolor (L). moench) AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR CORN. The aims of this study was to determine the value of Nitrogen Rretention (RN) and Nitrogen-Corrected Metabolic Energy (AMEn) rations using sorghum meal as a substitute for corn in broiler chickens. The study was carried out using 20 broiler strain Cobb aged six weeks consisting of six preliminary days and four days of data collection. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used which is consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments used are: R0 = substitute 100% corn or sorghum 0%, R1 = substitute 25% corn or sorghum 12.5%, R2 = substitute 50% corn or sorghum 25%, R3 = substitute 75% corn or sorghum 37.5%, and R4 = substitute 100% corn orsorghum 50%. The variables observed were the Nitrogen Retention value (RN) and Nitrogen Corrected Metabolic Energy (AMEn). Study showed that RN value of R0 (63.38%), R1 (65.69%), R2 (70.76%), R3 (70.77%), R4 (68.03%) and AMEn R0 (2417 , 14 Kkl / kg), R1 (2331.17 Kkl / kg), R2 (2157.87 Kkl / kg), R3 (2261.17 Kkl / kg) R4 (2290.02 Kkl / kg). he treatment gave no significant effect (P&gt; 0.05) on RN value and AMEn. Based on this study it can be concluded that sorghum flour can replace corn to 100% or use 50% in broiler ration seen from the N retention value (68.03%) and AMEn value (2290.02 Kkl / kg).Keywords :     Broiler chicken, corn, metabolic energy, nitrogen retention, sorghum</jats:p

Erratum: Estimating the dark matter halo mass of our Milky Way using dynamical tracers

Our paper ‘Estimating the dark matter halo mass of our Milky Way using dynamical tracers’ published in MNRAS, 2015, 453, 377 contained typographic errors in equations (12) and (6) as detailed below. Our code used the correct expressions in both cases; hence, none of our figures or conclusions are affected by these errors

Effectiveness of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.

Contains fulltext : 88752.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: In children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy (CP), there is only limited evidence for the effectiveness of modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT). OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether 6 weeks of mCIMT followed by 2 weeks of bimanual task-specific training (mCIMT-BiT) in children with unilateral spastic CP improves the spontaneous use of the affected limb in both qualitative and quantitative terms more than usual care (UC) of the same duration. METHODS: Children with unilateral spastic CP with Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) scores I, II, or III and aged 2.5 to 8 years were recruited and randomly allocated to either the mCIMT-BiT group (three 3-hour sessions per week: 6 weeks of mCIMT, followed by 2 weeks of task-specific training in goal-directed bimanual play and self-care activities) or to 1.5 hours of more general physical or occupational weekly plus encouragement to use the affected hand for the UC group. Primary outcome measures were the Assisting Hand Assessment and the ABILHAND-Kids. Secondary outcomes were the Melbourne Assessment of Unilateral Upper Limb Function, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, and the Goal Attainment Scale. RESULTS: Twenty-eight children were allocated to mCIMT-BiT and 24 to UC. Except for the Melbourne, all primary and secondary outcome measures demonstrated significant improvements in the mCIMT-BiT group. CONCLUSION: mCIMT followed by task-specific training of goal-directed bimanual play and self-care activities is an effective intervention to improve the spontaneous use of the more affected upper limb in children with relatively good baseline upper extremity function