Eating disorders in sport : current status and future directions in the study of the psychological factors

Este trabalho procura atingir dois objetivos. Em primeiro lugar, apresenta-se a situação atual da investigação sobre desordens alimentares no desporto. Neste caso, salientam-se as linhas de investigação dedicadas ao estudo da prevalência destes problemas no desporto e analisam-se as diferenças entre atletas e modalidades desportivas. Dadas as dificuldades destas linhas de investigação na compreensão dos comportamentos alimentares de risco nos atletas, são avançadas outras possibilidades de desenvolvimento da investigação. Assim, e enquanto segundo objetivo deste artigo, salientamos a necessidade dos estudos se dirigirem para a compreensão dos fatores psicológicos associados aos comportamentos alimentares de risco e implicados no desenvolvimento das desordens alimentares. Esta abordagem tem como vantagem adicional ajudar a prevenir estes problemas através da promoção das competências mentais dos atletas no sentido de resistirem melhor aos possíveis efeitos nocivos da prática desportiva, onde se inserem os problemas com a alimentação.This paper focuses on two main goals. In first place, we present the current status on the research about eating disorders in sport contexts. In this case, we point out studies dedicated to the analysis of the incidence of eating disorders in sport and studies that observe the differences between athletes and different sports in the tendency for these problems. Second, we proposed new research directions on this subject, namely the need of analysing the psychological factors that are related with the development of eating disorders on athletes. This research approach has the advantage of helping the prevention of eating disorders on athletes through the promotion of psychological skills that protect athletes from the negative effects of sport practicing, where are included maladaptive eating behaviors.(undefined

Early Career Recommendations for the Equitable Growth of a Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal Sector

Abstract In addition to steep carbon emission reductions, all modeled pathways to reach global climate goals require carbon removal. Marine carbon dioxide removal has the potential to play a large role in drawing down legacy anthropogenic emissions due to the scalability and durability of proposed methods. While this field is rapidly expanding, a number of issues remain, including efforts to grow the industry, align projects with equity and justice goals, and ensure development of trusted, unique, durable carbon credits. We, a group of early career ocean professionals (ECOPs), provide an overview of the scale of the field, the aforementioned issues, and then make recommendations to ensure global equity and expand early career capacity in the marine carbon dioxide removal sector. We argue that substantial investment is needed to reduce costs of marine carbon dioxide removal and spur innovation in monitoring, reporting, and verification, but also in the training and development of early career researchers. Careful co‐design of marine removal projects by experienced and emerging collaborators, including local communities, can help mitigate perpetuating existing global inequalities. Given the anticipated growth of the marine carbon dioxide removal workforce, ECOPs can contribute their existing interdisciplinary expertise, if they are supported within traditional structures. Those entering the field can leverage skill sets that intersect engineering, policy, community engagement, and business. We maintain that ECOPs will be key leaders in the field, if appropriately engaged, compensated, and empowered. Key Points Marine carbon dioxide removal is a rapidly growing sector with the potential to significantly reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide Early career ocean professionals have a crucial role to play in shaping the future of the marine carbon dioxide removal sector The paper presents early career recommendations to ensure global equity and build capacityIn addition to steep carbon emission reductions, all modeled pathways to reach global climate goals require carbon removal. Marine carbon dioxide removal has the potential to play a large role in drawing down legacy anthropogenic emissions due to the scalability and durability of proposed methods. While this field is rapidly expanding, a number of issues remain, including efforts to grow the industry, align projects with equity and justice goals, and ensure development of trusted, unique, durable carbon credits. We, a group of early career ocean professionals (ECOPs), provide an overview of the scale of the field, the aforementioned issues, and then make recommendations to ensure global equity and expand early career capacity in the marine carbon dioxide removal sector. We argue that substantial investment is needed to reduce costs of marine carbon dioxide removal and spur innovation in monitoring, reporting, and verification, but also in the training and development of early career researchers. Careful co-design of marine removal projects by experienced and emerging collaborators, including local communities, can help mitigate perpetuating existing global inequalities. Given the anticipated growth of the marine carbon dioxide removal workforce, ECOPs can contribute their existing interdisciplinary expertise, if they are supported within traditional structures. Those entering the field can leverage skill sets that intersect engineering, policy, community engagement, and business. We maintain that ECOPs will be key leaders in the field, if appropriately engaged, compensated, and empowere

ATREIDES:I. Embarking on a trek across the exo-Neptunian landscape with the TOI-421 system

Thedistribution of close-in exoplanets is shaped by a complex interplay betweenatmospheric and dynamical processes. The Desert, Ridge, and Savanna(respectively a lack, overoccurence, and mild deficit of Neptunes withincreasing periods) illustrate the sensitivity of these worlds to suchprocesses, making them ideal targets to disentangle their roles. Determininghow many Neptunes are brought close-in by early disk-driven migration (DDM;expected to maintain primordial spin-orbit alignment) or late high-eccentricitytidal migration (HEM; expected to generate large misalignments) is essential tounderstanding how much atmosphere they lost. In this paper, we propose aunified view of the exo-Neptunian landscape to guide its exploration andspeculate that the Ridge is a hot spot for evolutionary processes. Low-densityNeptunes would mainly undergo DDM, becoming fully eroded at shorter periodsthan the Ridge. This is in contrast to denser Neptunes, which would be broughtto the Ridge and Desert by HEM. We embark on this exploration via the ATREIDES(Ancestry, Traits, and Relations of Exoplanets Inhabiting the Desert Edges andSavanna) collaboration, which relies on spectroscopic and photometricobservations of ~60 close-in Neptunes, their reduction with robust pipelines,and their interpretation through internal structure, atmospheric, andevolutionary models. We carried out a systematic Rossiter-McLaughlin censuswith VLT/ESPRESSO to measure the distribution of 3D spin-orbit angles,correlate its shape with the system properties (orbit, density, evaporation),and thus relate the fraction of aligned-misaligned Neptunian systems to DDM,HEM, and atmospheric erosion. The first ATREIDES target, TOI-421 c, lies in theSavanna with a neighboring sub-Neptune TOI-421 b. We measured for the firsttime their 3D spin-orbit angles (ψb = 57−15+11∘; ψc = 44.9−4.1+4.4∘). Together with the eccentricity and possibly large mutualinclination of their orbits, this hints at a chaotic dynamical origin thatcould result from DDM followed by HEM. Our program will provide the communitywith a wealth of constraints for formation and evolution models, and we welcomecollaborations that will contribute to pushing our understanding of theexo-Neptunian landscape forward.</p