Pathway to Successful Young Adulthood

The Pathway to Successful Young Adulthood assembles a wealth of findings from research, practice, theory, and policy about what it takes to improve the lives of children, youth and families, particularly those living in tough neighborhoods. By laying out a comprehensive, coherent array of actions, the Pathway informs efforts to improve community conditions within supportive policy and funding contexts. The Pathways framework does not promote a single formula or program. Rather, our emphasis is on acting strategically across disciplines, systems, and jurisdictions to increase the number of young people who make a successful transition to young adulthood. The Pathway provides a starting point to guide choices made by community coalitions, services providers, researchers, funders, and policymakers to achieve desired outcomes for young people and their families

Comparitive assessment of the vulnerability and resilience of 10 deltas, synthesis report

The proposed framework for delta assessment and especially the scorecards are intended to enhance awareness raising, discussion and prioritization on most relevant delta issues, in each delta but also in comparison with other deltas. This should lead to more efficient and effective (multi-sectoral) policy formulation, management design and implementation, in concrete Delta plans, pilot-projects and (research) programmes. The target groups are all stakeholders who are involved in delta management at different levels and with different interests (government, private companies, NGOs, public), and who wish to contribute to the resilience of their own delta and other deltas worldwide

Comparative assessment of the vulnerability and resilience of 10 deltas : work document

Background information about: Nile delta (Egypt), Incomati delta (Mozambique), Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (Bangladesh), Yangtze (China), Ciliwung (Indonesia), Mekong (Vietnam), Rhine-Meuse (The Netherlands), Danube (Romania), California Bay-Delta, Mississippi River Delta (USA

Une rickettsiale nouvelle (Ehrlichiae) des leucocytes du sang du rat de Gambie (Cricetomys gambianus) au Sénégal : Cytoecetes kamtchoulii n. sp.

Des hémogrammes pratiqués sur 20 rats de Gambie (Cricetomys gambianus) capturés dans la région de la Presqu'Ile du Cap Vert (Dakar) au Sénégal, permettent de mettre en évidence dans les granulocytes neutrophiles et les monocytes du sang périphérique, une rickettsiale du genre Cytoecetes, Tyzzer 1938. Si les "corps élémentaires" de 0,1 à 0,3 micron de diamètre à la limite de la visibilité, apparaissent inclus directement dans le protoplasme de la cellule hôte, les "corps initiaux" de 1 à 1,5 micron de diamètre deviennent très tôt intravacuolaires dès leur première division "forme en haltère", avant de donner une forme "morula" placée dans une vacuole. Chaque élément est entouré d'une double membrane, l'une externe, l'autre interne. Il est le produit d'un processus de multiplication au cours duquel la morula atteint 2,5 à 3,5 micron de diamètre et peut déformer le noyau des monocytes. Cytoecetes kamtchoulii n. sp. est présent chez 10 p. 100 des rongeurs examinés dont 60 p. 100 hébergent une Grahamella et 5 p. 100 (1 sujet) de très nombreuses Borrelia. Les tiques (Ixodidés) qui vivent dans le pelage de ces rats pourraient être les vecteurs de cette rickettsial

The contemporary landscape of fuel poverty research

A key aim of this special issue has been to showcase the breadth of approaches to fuel poverty research emanating from a growing international community of fuel poverty researchers and in doing so, to promote awareness of the range of disciplinary areas influencing contemporary fuel poverty research. Overcoming established disciplinary and methodological siloes represents a considerable challenge for the future of the field and may be key to offering those in policy and practice the clarity and comprehensive insights that they need to fully understand and respond effectively to the problem

Synaptic nanomodules underlie the organization and plasticity of spine synapses.

Experience results in long-lasting changes in dendritic spine size, yet how the molecular architecture of the synapse responds to plasticity remains poorly understood. Here a combined approach of multicolor stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED) and confocal imaging in rat and mouse demonstrates that structural plasticity is linked to the addition of unitary synaptic nanomodules to spines. Spine synapses in vivo and in vitro contain discrete and aligned subdiffraction modules of pre- and postsynaptic proteins whose number scales linearly with spine size. Live-cell time-lapse super-resolution imaging reveals that NMDA receptor-dependent increases in spine size are accompanied both by enhanced mobility of pre- and postsynaptic modules that remain aligned with each other and by a coordinated increase in the number of nanomodules. These findings suggest a simplified model for experience-dependent structural plasticity relying on an unexpectedly modular nanomolecular architecture of synaptic proteins

Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs

Space based observatory and interferometry missions, such as Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF), Stellar Imager, and MAXIM, have sparked great interest in multi-spacecraft formation flight in the vicinity of the Sun-Earth/Moon (SEM) libration points. The initial phase of this research considered the formation keeping problem from the perspective of continuous control as applied to non-natural formations. In the present study, closer inspection of the flow, corresponding to the stable and center manifolds near the reference orbit, reveals some interesting natural relative motions as well as some discrete control strategies for deployment. A hybrid control strategy is also employed that combines both the natural formation dynamics with non-natural motions via input feedback linearization techniques

Magnetically self-regulated formation of early protoplanetary discs

The formation of protoplanetary discs during the collapse of molecular dense cores is significantly influenced by angular momentum transport, notably by the magnetic torque. In turn, the evolution of the magnetic field is determined by dynamical processes and non-ideal MHD effects such as ambipolar diffusion. Considering simple relations between various timescales characteristic of the magnetized collapse, we derive an expression for the early disc radius, r \simeq 18 \, {\rm AU} \, \left({\eta_{\rm AD} / 0.1 \, {\rm s}} \right)^{2/9} \left({B_z / 0.1\, {\rm G}} \right) ^{-4/9} \left({M / 0.1 \msol} \right) ^{1/3}, where $M$ is the total disc plus protostar mass, $\eta_\mathrm{AD}$ is the ambipolar diffusion coefficient and $B_z$ is the magnetic field in the inner part of the core. This is about significantly smaller than the discs that would form if angular momentum was conserved. The analytical predictions are confronted against a large sample of 3D, non-ideal MHD collapse calculations covering variations of a factor 100 in core mass, a factor 10 in the level of turbulence, a factor 5 in rotation, and magnetic mass-to-flux over critical mass-to-flux ratios 2 and 5. The disc radius estimates are found to agree with the numerical simulations within less than a factor 2. A striking prediction of our analysis is the weak dependence of circumstellar disc radii upon the various relevant quantities, suggesting weak variations among class-0 disc sizes. In some cases, we note the onset of large spiral arms beyond this radius.This research has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013 Grant Agreement no. 247060 and no. 306483). We acknowledge financial support from ”Programme National de Physique Stellaire” (PNPS) of CNRS/INSU, France

Une rickettsiale nouvelle du rat de Gambie (Cricetomys gambianus) au Sénégal : Grahamella kaniae n. sp. (Bartonellacae)

Des examens hématologiques pratiqués sur 20 C. gambianus, capturés au Sénégal dans les régions du Sine-Saloum et de la Presqu'Ile du Cap Vert, permettent de mettre en évidence chez 60 p. 100 d'entre eux une rickettsiale intraérythrocytaire du genre Grahamella Brumpt, 1911. C'est un élément allongé de 1 à 1,5 micron de long, légèrement rétréci en son milieu (0,25 micron), se multipliant par bipartition à l'intérieur de l'hématie, mais présentant aussi des phases de prolifération sous forme d'éléments coccoïdes de 0,1 à 0,3 micron de diamètre envahissant massivement le sang à l'occasion d'une déficience de l'organisme. Lors d'infection chronique sans symptômes morbides, une hématie sur 50 à 60 est envahie par 30 à 40 Grahamella. Un stress, un état de polyparasitisme, peuvent déclencher une véritable septicémie avec apparition de troubles de l'hématopoïèse, hémorragies cutanées, troubles respiratoires et parfois accidents nerveux suivis de mort. Cette nouvelle espèce de Bartonellacae semble bien inféodée au rat de Gambie. Elle est décrite sous le nom de Grahamella kaniae n. sp. Les puces pourraient être le vecteur de cette rickettsial