Siderophore production by Bacillus megaterium : effect of growth-phase and cultural conditions

Siderophore production by Bacillus megaterium was detected, in an iron-deficient culture medium, during the exponential growth phase, prior to the sporulation, in the presence of glucose; these results suggested that the onset of siderophore production did not require glucose depletion and was not related with the sporulation. The siderophore production by B. megaterium was affected by the carbon source used. The growth on glycerol promoted the very high siderophore production (1,182 μmol g−1 dry weight biomass); the opposite effect was observed in the presence of mannose (251 μmol g−1 dry weight biomass). The growth in the presence of fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose or sucrose, originated similar concentrations of siderophore (546–842 μmol g−1 dry weight biomass). Aeration had a positive effect on the production of siderophore. Incubation of B. megaterium under static conditions delayed and reduced the growth and the production of siderophore, compared with the incubation in stirred conditions.The authors thank Porto University/Totta Bank for their financial support through the project "Microbiological production of chelating agents" (Ref: 180). The authors also thank the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the Portuguese Government for their financial support of this work through the grants Strategic project-LA23/2013-2014 (IBB) and PEST-C/EQB/LA0006/2011 (REQUIMTE). Manuela D. Machado gratefully acknowledges the postdoctoral (SFRH/BPD/72816/2010) grant from FCT

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOEMULSION FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION

The aim of present research is to design and develop nanoemulsion of Econazole nitrate as effective treatment for tinea versicolor fungal disease. Econazole nitrate is an imidazole antifungal agent with broad spectrum activity. It belongs to BCS class II i.e. low soluble and highly permeable drug. Due to its poor solubility, it is incompletely absorbed after oral dosing and bioavailability varies among individuals. The drug efficacy of topical formulation can be limited by instability due to its poor solubility in the vehicle and low permeability. Therefore, to overcome these problems nanoemulsions have been designed. Topical nanoemulsion containing 1 % Econazole nitrate with different oils (oleic acid), surfactant (tween 20), co-surfactant (PEG 200, PEG 400) and distilled water. Various oil-in-water nanoemulsions are prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. The nanoemulsion formulations that passed thermodynamic stability tests were characterized for appearance, pH, FTIR, viscosity, drug content, % drug entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release study of Econazole nitrate determined by Franz diffusion cell and stability study

An Interesting Case of Perforated Meckel’s Diverticulum

Meckel’s diverticulum is one of the common congenital anomalies of the small intestine that occurs in approximately 2% of population, with equal incidence in both sexes. It is caused by an incomplete obliteration of omphalomesenteric duct. It is a true diverticulum, containing all the three layers; complications are known in 4% of cases in adults. Here, we present an interesting case of a gangrenous Meckel’s diverticulum simulating appendicular lump, which was treated with Oschner Sherren’s regime

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NANOEMULSION FOR TOPICAL APPLICATION

The aim of present research is to design and develop nanoemulsion of Econazole nitrate as effective treatment for tinea versicolor fungal disease. Econazole nitrate is an imidazole antifungal agent with broad spectrum activity. It belongs to BCS class II i.e. low soluble and highly permeable drug. Due to its poor solubility, it is incompletely absorbed after oral dosing and bioavailability varies among individuals. The drug efficacy of topical formulation can be limited by instability due to its poor solubility in the vehicle and low permeability. Therefore, to overcome these problems nanoemulsions have been designed. Topical nanoemulsion containing 1 % Econazole nitrate with different oils (oleic acid), surfactant (tween 20), co-surfactant (PEG 200, PEG 400) and distilled water. Various oil-in-water nanoemulsions are prepared by the spontaneous emulsification method. The nanoemulsion formulations that passed thermodynamic stability tests were characterized for appearance, pH, FTIR, viscosity, drug content, % drug entrapment efficiency and in-vitro drug release study of Econazole nitrate determined by Franz diffusion cell and stability study.</jats:p

Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Microemulgel Containing Terbinafine Hydrochloride

The purpose of this study is to create and test a Terbinafine hydrochloride microemulgel. Terbinafine hydrochloride is an FDA-approved antifungal medication used to treat fungal infections on the skin. It's a BCS class II medication with little bioavailability. In the realm of pharmaceutical sciences, microemulgel has evolved into one of the most intriguing topical preparations. Microemulgel as a delivery technique has several advantages over simple traditional formulations, including simplicity of administration, increased residence duration at the application site, consistent drug release with improved bioavailability, superior thermodynamic stability, and excellent transdermal permeability. Terbinafine hydrochloride microemulgels were made with carbopol 940 and HPMC as gelling agents, oleic acid as an oil, parabens as a preservative, and tween 20 as an emulgent and penetration enhancer. The appearance, spreadability, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, percent drug content, and in vitro diffusion studies of the generated microemulgel formulation were all visually checked. The findings show that developing a terbinafine-containing microemulgel is more effective, but clinical efficacy must be determined through clinical trials.</jats:p