Factors influencing epiphytic bryophyte and lichen species richness at different spatial scales in managed temperate forests

The effect of management related factors on species richness of epiphytic bryophytes and lichens was studied in managed deciduous-coniferous mixed forests in Western-Hungary. At the stand level, the potential explanatory variables were tree species composition, stand structure, microclimate and light conditions, landscape and historical variables; while at tree level host tree species, tree size and light were studied. Species richness of the two epiphyte groups was positively correlated. Both for lichen and bryophyte plot level richness, the composition and diversity of tree species and the abundance of shrub layer were the most influential positive factors. Besides, for bryophytes the presence of large trees, while for lichens amount and heterogeneity of light were important. Tree level richness was mainly determined by host tree species for both groups. For bryophytes oaks, while for lichens oaks and hornbeam turned out the most favourable hosts. Tree size generally increased tree level species richness, except on pine for bryophytes and on hornbeam for lichens. The key variables for epiphytic diversity of the region were directly influenced by recent forest management; historical and landscape variables were not influential. Forest management oriented to the conservation of epiphyte s should focus on: (i) the maintenance of tree species diversity in mixed stands; (ii) increment the proportion of deciduous trees (mainly oaks); (iii) conserving large trees within the stands; (iv) providing the presence of shrub and regeneration layer; (v) creating heterogeneous light conditions. For these purposes tree selection and selective cutting management seem more appropriate than shelterwood system

Il futuro della politica europea di asilo

Il Paper esamina lo sviluppo delle norme in materia di asilo all\u2019interno del diritto comunitario. Viene illustrata quella che \ue8 considerata convenzionalmente la prima fase di armonizzazione a standard comuni europei in materia di Asilo. Vengono illustrati i passi principali per la definizione di uno status uniforme e i principali testi di riferimento per il pieno compimento del CEAS, il Sistema Comune Europeo di Asilo, entro il 2010. Infine l\u2019autore delinea le possibili prospettive e modifiche al nostro ordinament

Crossovers in Unitary Fermi Systems

Universality and crossover is described for attractive and repulsive interactions where, respectively, the BCS-BEC crossover takes place and a ferromagnetic phase transition is claimed. Crossovers are also described for optical lattices and multicomponent systems. The crossovers, universal parameters and phase transitions are described within the Leggett and NSR models and calculated in detail within the Jastrow-Slater approximation. The physics of ultracold Fermi atoms is applied to neutron, nuclear and quark matter, nuclei and electrons in solids whenever possible. Specifically, the differences between optical lattices and cuprates is discussed w.r.t. antiferromagnetic, d-wave superfluid phases and phase separation.Comment: 50 pages, 15 figures. Contribution to Lecture Notes in Physics "BCS-BEC crossover and the Unitary Fermi Gas" edited by W. Zwerge

L’evoluzione dei diritti e delle libertà fondamentali nel settore dei media : diritto dell’Unione europea e orientamenti giurisprudenziali

Il contributo si propone di individuare i tratti essenziali del rapporto fra media e diritti fondamentali alla luce della giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia. Muovendo dall\u2019analisi dell\u2019art. 10 della CEDU, come interpretato dalla Corte europea dei diritti dell\u2019Uomo, la disamina si sposta sull\u2019articolo 11 della Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell\u2019Unione europea, con l\u2019obiettivo di evidenziare gli elementi in comune e distintivi. L\u2019indagine prosegue attraverso l\u2019esame della giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia che si \ue8 soffermata sul rapporto fra la libert\ue0 di espressione e di informazione e altri diritti fondamentali nel settore dei media e, pi\uf9 in particolare, nell\u2019ambito della rete internet.The article aims to identify the main aspects of the relationship between media and fundamental rights in the light of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. Starting from the analysis of art. 10 of the ECHR as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights, the analysis moves to Article 11 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights with the aim of highlighting the common and distinctive elements. The investigation continues through the examination of the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice which has focused on the relationship between freedom of expression and information and other fundamental rights in the media sector, especially in the internet network

Environmental drivers of forest biodiversity in temperate mixed forests – A multi-taxon approach

Harmonization of timber production and forest conservation is a major challenge of modern silviculture. For the establishment of ecologically sustainable forest management, the management-related environmental drivers of multi-taxon biodiversity should be explored. Our study reveals those environmental variables related to tree species diversity and composition, stand structure, litter and soil conditions, microclimate, landscape, and land-use history that determine species richness and composition of 11 forest-dwelling organism groups. Herbs, woody regeneration, ground-floor and epiphytic bryophytes, epiphytic lichens, terricolous saprotrophic, ectomycorrhizal, and wood-inhabiting macrofungi, spiders, carabid beetles, and birds were sampled in West Hungarian mature mixed forests. The correlations among the diversities and compositions of different organism groups were also evaluated. Drivers of organism groups were principally related to stand structure, tree species diversity and composition, and microclimate, while litter, soil, landscape, and land-use historical variables were less influential. The complex roles of the shrub layer, deadwood, and the size of the trees in determining the diversity and composition of various taxa were revealed. Stands with more tree species sustained higher stand-level species richness of several taxa. Besides, stands with different dominant tree species harbored various species communities of organism groups. Therefore, landscape-scale diversity of dominant tree species may enhance the diversity of forest-dwelling communities at landscape level. The effects of the overstory layer on forest biodiversity manifested in many cases via microclimate conditions. Diversity of organism groups showed weaker relationship with the diversity of other taxa than with environmental variables. According to our results, the most influential drivers of forest biodiversity are under the direct control of the actual silvicultural management. Heterogeneous stand structure and tree species composition promote the different organism groups in various ways. Therefore, the long-term maintenance of the structural and compositional heterogeneity both at stand and landscape scale is an important aspect of ecologically sustainable forest management