Dynamic Control of Photoresponse in ZnO-Based Thin-Film Transistors in the Visible Spectrum

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We present ZnO-channel thin-film transistors with actively tunable photocurrent in the visible spectrum, although ZnO band edge is in the ultraviolet. ZnO channel is deposited by atomic layer deposition technique at a low temperature (80 C), which is known to introduce deep level traps within the forbidden band of ZnO. The gate bias dynamically modifies the occupancy probability of these trap states by controlling the depletion region in the ZnO channel. Unoccupied trap states enable the absorption of the photons with lower energies than the bandgap of ZnO. Photoresponse to visible light is controlled by the applied voltage bias at the gate terminal

A plasmonic enhanced photodetector based on silicon nanocrystals obtained through laser ablation

Cataloged from PDF version of article.We present a proof-of-concept photodetector which is sensitive in the visible spectrum. Silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) obtained by laser ablation are used as the active absorption region. Si-NC films are formed from a polymeric dispersion. The films are sandwiched between thin insulating films to reduce the electrical leakage current. Furthermore, Ag nanoparticles are integrated with the photodetector to enhance the visible response using plasmonic effects. The measured photocurrent is resonantly enhanced, which is explained in terms of enhanced local fields caused by localized plasmons. The UV-vis spectrum of Ag nanoparticles is also measured to verify the resonance. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd

Thin-film ZnO charge-trapping memory cell grown in a single ALD step

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A thin-film ZnO-based single-transistor memory cell with a gate stack deposited in a single atomic layer deposition step is demonstrated. Thin-film ZnO is used as channel material and charge-trapping layer for the first time. The extracted mobility and subthreshold slope of the thin-film device are 23 cm2/V · s and 720 mV/dec, respectively. The memory effect is verified by a 2.35-V hysteresis in the Idrain–Vgate curve. Physics-based TCAD simulations show very good agreement with the experimental results providing insight to the charge-trapping physics

Low temperature atomic layer deposited ZnO photo thin film transistors

Cataloged from PDF version of article.ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated on Si substrates using atomic layer deposition technique. The growth temperature of ZnO channel layers are selected as 80, 100, 120, 130, and 250°C. Material characteristics of ZnO films are examined using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction methods. Stoichiometry analyses showed that the amount of both oxygen vacancies and interstitial zinc decrease with decreasing growth temperature. Electrical characteristics improve with decreasing growth temperature. Best results are obtained with ZnO channels deposited at 80°C; Ion/Ioff ratio is extracted as 7.8 × 109 and subthreshold slope is extracted as 0.116 V/dec. Flexible ZnO TFT devices are also fabricated using films grown at 80°C. ID-VGS characterization results showed that devices fabricated on different substrates (Si and polyethylene terephthalate) show similar electrical characteristics. Sub-bandgap photo sensing properties of ZnO based TFTs are investigated; it is shown that visible light absorption of ZnO based TFTs can be actively controlled by external gate bias. © 2014 American Vacuum Society

The effect of titanium (Ti) and titanium 500 (ti 500) implantation on the activation of rat macrophage subgroups

© 2019, Editorial Ciencias Medicas. All rights reserved. Introduction: Nowadays it is necessary to make new researches in order to solve the problems related to the prolongation of life and related health problems, especially fractures and spinal degeneration. The biocompatibility, mechanical compatibility, morphological compatibility and osseointegration properties of the implant material are very important. In order to prevent unwanted side effects in the use of biomaterials, new strategies need to be developed. Implants, where they will be implanted and their functions will vary according to the characteristics of the material used. The most commonly used metallic materials are 316L stainless steel, Co-Cr alloys and Ti alloys. Objective: To demostrate the effect of Titanium and Titanium 500 on activation of macropages Material and Methods: Our research was performed in the Laboratory of Cytokines and Receptors in the Department of Physiology of Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa. Our research has been approved by the Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee of Bezmialem Vakif University (Approval Number:2017/218). In order to control the rejection of the patient with specific inflammation caused by titanium implantation, we analyzed the first triggered cells of the innate immun system, especially macrophages and sub-groups (M1, M2a, M2b, M2c), by implanting Titanium and Titanium 500 into the spinal region in Wistar albino male rats. According to the Power Analysis statistic program, 3 different groups of Wistar albino species male rats with a weight of 250 - 300 grams and 10-12 weeks of age were formed. Group I (n: 8, Sham group (Control)), Group II (n: 8, Titanium alloy), Group III (n: 8, Titanium 500). No implant was used in Group I (sham group). Only surgical stress was applied to the rats and they were closed again. In Group II and Group III, the rods were placed on the lamina. Peripheral blood samples were collected on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th days following the implantation phase. M1 macrophages (CCL3, CCL4, CXCL9, IL-23), M2a macrophages (CD163, CD206), M2b macrophages (CCL1), M2c macrophage (SLAM) markers were examined by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) method. Groups were compared with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the paired comparison of significant variables, a statistically significant difference (HSD) test was used for Tukey's homogeneous variance variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results and Conclusions: We believe that our analysis results will be helpful in the control, prevention, immunological and therapeutic methods of the reactions (inflammation, rejection, etc.) that may occur in patients who are implanted with Titanium (Ti) and Titanium 500 (Ti 500) implants (spinal, orthopedic, dental etc.)

The Faces in Infant-Perspective Scenes Change over the First Year of Life

Mature face perception has its origins in the face experiences of infants. However, little is known about the basic statistics of faces in early visual environments. We used head cameras to capture and analyze over 72,000 infant-perspective scenes from 22 infants aged 1-11 months as they engaged in daily activities. The frequency of faces in these scenes declined markedly with age: for the youngest infants, faces were present 15 minutes in every waking hour but only 5 minutes for the oldest infants. In general, the available faces were well characterized by three properties: (1) they belonged to relatively few individuals; (2) they were close and visually large; and (3) they presented views showing both eyes. These three properties most strongly characterized the face corpora of our youngest infants and constitute environmental constraints on the early development of the visual system

Genome-wide Association Study of Borderline Personality Disorder Reveals Genetic Overlap with Bipolar Disorder, Major Depression and Schizophrenia

Borderline personality disorder (BOR) is determined by environmental and genetic factors, and characterized by affective instability and impulsivity, diagnostic symptoms also observed in manic phases of bipolar disorder (BIP). Up to 20% of BIP patients show comorbidity with BOR. This report describes the first case–control genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BOR, performed in one of the largest BOR patient samples worldwide. The focus of our analysis was (i) to detect genes and gene sets involved in BOR and (ii) to investigate the genetic overlap with BIP. As there is considerable genetic overlap between BIP, major depression (MDD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) and a high comorbidity of BOR and MDD, we also analyzed the genetic overlap of BOR with SCZ and MDD. GWAS, gene-based tests and gene-set analyses were performed in 998 BOR patients and 1545 controls. Linkage disequilibrium score regression was used to detect the genetic overlap between BOR and these disorders. Single marker analysis revealed no significant association after correction for multiple testing. Gene-based analysis yielded two significant genes: DPYD (P=4.42 × 10−7) and PKP4 (P=8.67 × 10−7); and gene-set analysis yielded a significant finding for exocytosis (GO:0006887, PFDR=0.019; FDR, false discovery rate). Prior studies have implicated DPYD, PKP4 and exocytosis in BIP and SCZ. The most notable finding of the present study was the genetic overlap of BOR with BIP (rg=0.28 [P=2.99 × 10−3]), SCZ (rg=0.34 [P=4.37 × 10−5]) and MDD (rg=0.57 [P=1.04 × 10−3]). We believe our study is the first to demonstrate that BOR overlaps with BIP, MDD and SCZ on the genetic level. Whether this is confined to transdiagnostic clinical symptoms should be examined in future studies

Gross hematuria as the presentation of an inguinoscrotal hernia: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Several complications have been reported with inguinal hernias. Although hematuria and flank pain, either as the presentation or as a complication of inguinal hernia, are infrequent, this condition may lead to the development of obstructive uropathy, which can have diverse manifestations.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 71-year-old Iranian man with Persian ethnicity presented with new onset episodes of gross hematuria and left-sided flank pain. A physical examination revealed a large and non-tender inguinal hernia on his left side. An initial workup included an abdominal ultrasound, an intravenous pyelogram and cystoscopy, which showed left hydronephrosis and a bulging on the left-side of his bladder wall. On further evaluation, computed tomography confirmed that his sigmoid colon was the source of the pressure effect on his bladder, resulting in hydroureteronephrosis and hematuria. No tumoral lesion was evident. Herniorrhaphy led to the resolution of his signs and symptoms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our case illustrates a rare presentation of inguinal hernia responsible for gross hematuria and unilateral hydronephrosis. Urologic signs and symptoms can be caused by the content of inguinal hernias. They can also present as complications of inguinal hernias.</p

Određivanje aflatoksina, okratoksina A, fumonizina i zearalenona u žitaricama i krmivu primjenom kompetetivnoga direktnog imunoenzimatskog testa (CD-ELISA) i tankoslojne kromatografije (TLC)

Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium species frequently contaminate crops. For this reason mycotoxins such as afl atoxins (AFs), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FBs), and zearalenone (ZEA) are found in food and feed in a wide range of concentrations, depending on environmental and storage conditions. Consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed has been associated with acute and chronic poisoning and carcinoma. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and co-occurrence of AFs (B1+B2+G1+G2), OTA, FBs (B1+B2+B3), and ZEA in 37 samples of cereals and feed randomly collected in 2007 from households of an endemic nephropathy (EN) area in Croatia. The mycotoxins were determined using the competitive direct ELISA test (CD-ELISA) in combination with thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The most frequent mycotoxin was ZEA (92 %, mean 318.3 μg kg-1), followed by FBs (27 %, 3690 μg kg-1), AFs (24.3 %, 4.6 μg kg-1), and OTA (16.2 %, 9.8 μg kg-1). Levels of AFs, ZEA, and FBs detected by CD-ELISA signifi cantly correlated with the TLC results. However, only one OTA-positive sample was confi rmed by TLC due to its high limit of detection. The levels of these mycotoxins were below the permissible limit for animal feed. Twenty-nine percent of cereals were contaminated with FBs, OTA, or ZEA in mass fractions above the permissible limit for humans. Co-occurrence of two toxins varied between 4.2 % and 54 % and of three between 4.2 % and 7.6 %. Prolonged co-exposure to AFs, OTA, FBs, and ZEA might increase the risk of various chronic diseases.Vrste plijesni iz rodova Aspergillus, Penicillium i Fusarium česti su kontaminanti usjeva te na takvim supstratima tvore mikotoksine. Stoga su žitarice i krmiva često kontaminirana afl atoksinima (AFs), okratoksinom A (OTA), fumonizinima (FBs) i zearalenonom (ZEA) u različitim koncentracijama ovisno o mikroklimatskim uvjetima na polju i u skladištu. Konzumiranje hrane kontaminirane mikotoksinima često je povezano s akutnim ili kroničnim trovanjima, ali i s razvojem karcinoma. Cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti istodobnu pojavnost AFs (B1+B2+G1+G2), OTA, FBs (B1+B2+B3) i ZEA u uzorcima žitarica i krme (N=37) koji su nasumično skupljeni u individualnim domaćinstvima na području endemske nefropatije (EN) u Hrvatskoj (2007). Za određivanje navedenih mikotoksina korišten je kompetitivni direktni ELISA-test (CD-ELISA) u kombinaciji s tankoslojnom kromatografi jom (TLC). Najzastupljeniji mikotoksin bio je ZEA (92 %, srednja koncentracija 318.3 μg kg-1), nakon čega slijede FBs (27 %, 3690 μg kg-1), AFs (24.3 %, 4.6 μg kg-1) te OTA (16.2 %, 9.8 μg kg-1). Koncentracije AFs, FBs i ZEA određene CD-ELISA-testom statistički značajno koreliraju s rezultatima dobivenim s TLC. OTA je potvrđen metodom TLC samo u jednom uzorku zbog visokog limita detekcije. Dokazane koncentracije su ispod razina dopuštenih za krmiva, dok je 29 % uzoraka žitarica sadržavalo FBs, OTA ili ZEA u koncentracijama iznad dopuštenih u hrani za ljude. Kokontaminacija s dvama odnosno trima toksinima varirala je između 4.2 % i 54 % odnosno između 4.2 % i 7.6 %. Dugotrajni unos AFs, OTA, FBs i ZEA putem hrane može povećati rizik od razvoja različitih kroničnih bolesti zbog njihova mogućega sinergističkog djelovanja