ELECTRONIC BANKING AND ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN SERBIA

Nowadays, we may witness to dramatic and visible changes in our life environment. Business ambient for companies is different every day, and it is very hard to predict a direction of future changes. There is an environment characterized by sharp competition and increasing number of competitors, fast technological improvements and highly sophisticated and informed costumers. Technological process influences the humanity strongly, changing the way that people live, work and spend. Electronic commerce and electronic banking has become incontinent, and makes a great part of today's total transactions. There are an increasing number of companies that perform their business that way and make profit. Social networks are proven to be the least expensive way of information exchange, and they are present in almost every part of the world. The globalization has reached the most distant parts of the Earth. Every resistance to new technologies is dangerous and may lead to bankruptcy. Due to the EU expansion, Internet users are to be expected, and prosperity of the e-commerce business models at the same time. In Serbia, electronic commerce is present, but not as developed as in EU countries. E-commerce, however it might be successful throughout the world, it is somewhat slow in its growth in Serbia. The reasons are numerous, and main obstacles are the lack of trust, still limited usage of banking cards, avoiding of e-payments by older population etc. Also, the recent scandals over the misuse of personal data, and e-crime are discouraging factors for the growth of e-trade and ebanking. The younger generations are ever more ready to use e-commerce, since they are open to new technologies and do not have the defensive attitude towards it. E-commerce and e-banking has growing potential even among older population, if the society prevents them from fear and mistrust

CORRUPTION IN ECONOMY

Ethics in the social life of the people there since ancient times. Not so long ago, jobs were assembled so that, after the deal, people shake hands. Such a ritual was enough to formalize the act of entering into a business deal. Over time, he grew up living standards, it appears that the mistrust between the people grew, the business is not the same as before, and corruption is all over. Countries in transition, going through a period when food is fixed in a sensitive stage and when corruption is playing a very important role in the progress of the economy of a country

Clinical picture and laboratory disorders in adult patients with pre-existing cardiomyopathy and COVID infection

Abstract   COVID infection is presented with different clinical manifestations in different population groups. A number of studies have shown increased mortality in patients with pre-existing cardiomyopathy, which is common in the elderly population. Patients with COVID infection have an increased incidence of cardiac disease, most commonly myocarditis, acute heart failure and coagulation dysfunction seen after an increase in the value of D-dimer. Methods We analyzed the data of patients hospitalized in our institution for a period of one month (December 2020), positive for COVID 19 virus, with the presence of cardiomyopathy and associated comorbidity, their clinical picture, as well as laboratory tests - with reference to inflammatory markers and D-dimer. Results During the study period, 53 patients were positive for COVID infection. The average age of the patients was 76.01 years. Total mortality was 17.78% (45 patients recovered, while 8 died). We divided the patients into 2 groups - patients with cardiomyopathy before COVID infection and those who did not have it. In the first group 30 patients were included with compensated cardiomyopathy with drugs before COVID infection, and in the second group 23 patients were included without cardiomyopathy. The clinical picture in 75.5% of patients was moderate, in 11.3% it was severe with reduced saturation &amp;lt;92%, while in 13.2% it was asymptomatic. During the infection in some of the above patients there was a deterioration of the clinical picture presented with fever, dyspnoea, cardiac decompensation, pulmonary finding, and increase in inflammatory markers and D-dimer. Mortality in the first group was 20% while in the second 15%. The mean value of D-dimer was 1785.37 ng/ml. The mean value of D-dimer in patients with cardiomyopathy was 2153.21 ng/ml (from 329.28 ng/ml to 5680 ng/ml), while in patients without cardiomyopathy it was 1305.58 ng/ml (from 513.57 ng/ml to 5286.69 ng/ml). The mean value of D-dimer in patients who survived the infection was 1490.84 ng/ml, while the value of D-dimer in deceased patients was 3442.09 ng/ml. CRP was elevated in 88.68% of patients, and 9.43% of patients had values above 100 mg/L indicating severe secondary bacterial infection. In 20% of these patients there was a lethal outcome. The median neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in patients was 5,873. The normal value of this ratio (under 3) had 17 patients (32.07%) in the rest was increased, and over 15 (indicating severe infection) had 7.55% of patients of whom 50% of the infection had a lethal outcome. Conclusion Patients with cardiomyopathy before COVID infection had a more severe clinical picture; they also had heart failure, which increased the risk of lethal outcome. There was also an increasing trend of inflammatory markers and D-dimer. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): PHI Specialized hospital for geriatric and palliative medicine 13 November Skopje </jats:sec