Tween 80-solubilized Newcastle disease virus prepared as a water-in-oil-in-water vaccine

The Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was solubilized with 10% w/v Tween 80 and inactivated with 0.05% v/v formalin. The average molecular mass of the released antigenic subunits was 307 kD. The rested vaccine was prepared in the form of a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (WOWE) vaccine. The oil-to-aqueous ratio was 1:2. The solubilized NDV was administered alone or built in a tetravalent WOWE vaccine. A dose of the monovalent vaccine containing an equivalent of 44.7 mu l of detergent-treated NDV-allantoic fluid (NDV-AF) was sufficient for the complete protection of the commercially available chickens vaccinated at the age of 5 wk and challenged 7 wk later. The anti-NDV-free chickens, vaccinated at 4 wk of age and challenged 2 wk postvaccination, were 100% and 73% protected by a vaccinal dose containing 178.6 and 89.3 yl of detergent-treated NDV-AF, respectively. Commercially available light pullers, primary vaccinated with live lentogenic NDV vaccine, generated a protective level of NDV antibodies after revaccination with WOWE vaccine containing 89.3 mu l of detergent treated NDV-AF. Laying hens were revaccinated under field conditions at the beginning of the laying cycle by the terravalent vaccine. A vaccinal dose/bird containing 11.2 mu l of detergent-treated NDV-AF elicited a long-lasting high level of NDV neutralizing antibodies

Protection of broiler breeders by an inactivated combined water-in-oil-in-water viral vaccine

A four-component vaccine, prepared by combining the single vaccines, contains subunits of Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis viruses, as well as whole inactivated infectious bursal disease and egg drop syndrome viruses. The vaccine is prepared in the form of a low-viscosity water-in-oil-in-water emulsion with low mineral oil content. Heavy breeders were vaccinated at the age of 20 weeks by intramuscular administration of 0.5 ml vaccine/bird in an experiment carried out under field conditions, involving 5000 female and 450 male parents. The birds had previously been vaccinated with live vaccines according to an obligatory field vaccination programme. Vaccination with the WOWE vaccine near the point of lay elicited serological responses protecting both the parents and their progeny. Each of the antigens administered in the four-component vaccine was as effective as the respective single component vaccine. The mortality, recorded during the 31-week experimental period, was 6.2%. Mortality and morbidity were not triggered by viruses against which vaccination was carried out. Egg production was not affected by the vaccination and was 170.2 eggs per hen during the 28-week production period

Combining linear filtering and radial basis function networks for accurate profile recovery

The efficient method presented for the accurate approximation of signal profiles corrupted by noise is based on a principled combination of linear and nonlinear processing. The nonlinear processing is realised using a radial basis network which is designed, trained and validated within the strict time constraints set by instrumentation requirements. The quality of profile approximation and the decision to use either linear or nonlinear processing are set by confidence limits which, in turn, are set by the best estimate of current system noise. The approach is described in terms of a novel capillary electrophoresis instrument with all processing implemented on a dedicated DSP subsyste