Radio galaxies - the TeV challenge

Over the past decade, our knowledge of the \gamma-ray sky has been revolutionized by ground- and space-based observatories by detecting photons up to several hundreds of tera-electron volt (TeV) energies. A major population of the $\gamma$-ray bright objects are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with their relativistic jets pointed along our line-of-sight. Gamma-ray emission is also detected from nearby mis-aligned AGN such as radio galaxies. While the TeV-detected radio galaxies (TeVRad) only form a small fraction of the \gamma-ray detected AGN, their multi-wavelength study offers a unique opportunity to probe and pinpoint the high-energy emission processes and sites. Even in the absence of substantial Doppler beaming TeVRad are extremely bright objects in the TeV sky (luminosities detected up to 10^{45} erg/s), and exhibit flux variations on timescales shorter than the event-horizon scales (flux doubling timescale less than 5 minutes). Thanks to the recent advancement in the imaging capabilities of high-resolution radio interferometry (millimeter very long baseline interferometry, mm-VLBI), one can probe the scales down to less than 10 gravitational radii in TeVRad, making it possible not only to test jet launching models but also to pinpoint the high-energy emission sites and to unravel the emission mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the high-energy observations of TeVRad with a focus on the emitting sites and radiation processes. Some recent approaches in simulations are also sketched. Observations by the near-future facilities like Cherenkov Telescope Array, short millimeter-VLBI, and high-energy polarimetry instruments will be crucial for discriminating the competing high-energy emission models.Comment: Invited review article, submitted to Galaxies; 28 pages, 8 figure

An Approach to Find Missing Values in Medical Datasets

Mining medical datasets is a challenging problem before data mining researchers as these datasets have several hidden challenges compared to conventional datasets.Starting from the collection of samples through field experiments and clinical trials to performing classification,there are numerous challenges at every stage in the mining process. The preprocessing phase in the mining process itself is a challenging issue when, we work on medical datasets. One of the prime challenges in mining medical datasets is handling missing values which is part of preprocessing phase. In this paper, we address the issue of handling missing values in medical dataset consisting of categorical attribute values. The main contribution of this research is to use the proposed imputation measure to estimate and fix the missing values. We discuss a case study to demonstrate the working of proposed measure.Comment: 7 pages,ACM Digital Library, ICEMIS September 201

S5 0716+714 : GeV variability study

The GeV observations by Fermi-LAT give us the opportunity to characterize the high-energy emission (100 MeV - 300 GeV) variability properties of the BL Lac object S5 0716+714. In this study, we performed flux and spectral analysis of more than 3 year long (August 2008 to April 2012) Fermi-LAT data of the source. During this period, the source exhibits two different modes of flux variability with characteristic timescales of ~75 and ~140 days, respectively. We also notice that the flux variations are characterized by a weak spectral hardening. The GeV spectrum of the source shows a clear deviation from a simple power law, and is better explained by a broken power law. Similar to other bright Fermi blazars, the break energy does not vary with the source flux during the different activity states. We discuss several possible scenarios to explain the observed spectral break.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in Advances in Space Research journa

The Effort to Decrease Maternal and Child Mortality Rates Through Cultural Transformation

Maternal and infant mortality in Ende is still high, but research related a social science is rare. The cultural aspect and medical factors such as the lack of primary health care services are also play a role. This study aims are to identifying and formulate the local cultural transformation as a way to solve maternal and infant mortality. This ethnographic research was conducted in 2013. The study carried not only interviews, but also observation towards reproductive-age women, heads of family, traditional birth attendants, doctors, midwives, local leaders, adat leaders, pastors and sisters, local government officials, and head of health district at Ende. Data is analysed phenomenologically. The strong belief to adat and local tradition has implication to people's attitude towards traditional birth attendants. Traditional birth attendants hold superior position in the community. They also have strong influence due to their ability to massage, correctly guess infant's sex, reposition infant in the womb, and stop bleeding during labor. Maternal and/or infant mortality has nothing to do with traditional birth attendants because local people believe that such case happens as a result of hex or black magic called ru'u. Anemia, bleeding, food taboo, and incorrect diet pattern worsen the overall condition of pregnant women. Cultural transformation is done by alternating TBAs practices in massaging pregnant women. TBAs are encouraged to massage pregnant women's back instead of stomach since pregnant women often have to deal with low back pain during pregnancy

Penerapan Pemilihan Supplier Bahan Baku Besi Cor Part Handle Menggunakan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (Studi Kasus : CV Surya Cipta Inti Pratama, Semarang)

[Implementation Of Iron Cast Raw Material Handle Part supplier selection Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (Case Study: CV Surya Cipta Inti Pratama, Semarang)]. CV Surya Cipta Inti Pratama is one company on the job the engine supply, this company manufactures machine tools, it called Rotogravure automatic print packaging. In the beginning, the selection criteria in CV Surya CIP is based only on the price offered and the speed of delivery promised. The development of criteria led to decision making process become more complex. Therefore, it is needed a plan thus the supplier selection process will be easier and more objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the raw material by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with criteria based Vendor Indicator Performance (VPI) which has five criteria: Quality, Cost, Flexibility, Delivery, Responsiveness and the additional criteria proposed by the CV Surya CIP was honesty. Results of the evaluation system design generates 12 VPI that of each criterion gives 2 VPI. Based on the results of data processing by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the help of a software expert choice ver.2000, It gained importance weight criteria Quality (0.334), Delivery (0.162), Cost (0,074), Flexibility (.063), (0.047), and the criteria of Honesty (0.032). It implied that the criteria Quality is the main criteria considered most important in determining the choice of supplier. While the results show the performance of the supplier evaluation Dwi Karya UD get the highest weight (0.563), followed by UD Barokah (0,296) and the last UD Surya Teknik (0.141). Supplier evaluation results can be used by companies as a material consideration in determining the raw materials procurement policy of each supplier in a subsequent period

Implementasi Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia Nomor 98/permentan/ot.140/9/2013 di Kabupaten Rokan Hulu Riau

Objectives to be achieved in this research isexplaining about the implementation of business licensing the cultivation of oil palm plantations by the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 98/PERMENTAN/OT.140/9/2013;Describes the implementation of business licensing the cultivation of oil palm plantations in Rokan Hulu; as well as formulate and explain the measures to be taken by the Government of Rokan Hulu to regulate business licensing cultivation of oil palm plantations in Rokan Hulu. The specific targets to be achieved in this research is theorderly implementation of licensing the cultivation of palm oil plantation in Rokan Hulu with better and more effective. So it does not cause environmental problems derived from oil palm plantations in Rokan Hulu. Type of research is a sociological law that is more focused on the implementation of business licensing the cultivation of oil palm plantations by the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 98/PERMENTAN/OT.140/9/2013, the problems that arise regarding the implementation of business licensing cultivation oil palm plantations in Rokan Hulu. Results and discussion of this research are the implementation of business licensing the cultivation of oil palm plantations in Rokan Hulu has not been fully implemented by the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 98/PERMENTAN/OT.140/9/2013