Diffraction of an Off-axis Vector-Beam by a Tilted Aperture

Manifestations of orbital angular momentum induced effects in the diffraction of a radially polarized vector beam by an off-axis tilted aperture are studied both experimentally and theoretically. Experiments were carried out to extract the degree of circular polarization, which was shown to be proportional to the on-axis component of the spin angular momentum density. We report a clear separation of the regions of dominance of the right and left circular polarizations associated with positive and negative topological charges respectively, which is reminiscent of the standard vortex-induced transverse shift, albeit in the diffraction scenario. The experimental results are supported by model simulations and the agreement is quite satisfactory. The results are useful to appreciate the orbit-orbit related effects due to unavoidable misalignment problems (especially for vortex beams)

Mn3O4 Tetrahedral with Carbonyldiimidazole Nanoflower Deposition on Laser‐Scribed Graphene for Selective Bio‐Capture

Dengue fever, a mosquito‐borne viral infection, poses a significant global health challenge, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The absence of non‐effective vaccines and specific treatments underscores the need for advanced diagnostic tools for early detection and management. This study presents a novel biosensor for detecting dengue virus type 4 (DENV‐4) by combining carbonyldiimidazole nanoflower (CDI‐NF) with Mn 3 O 4 on laser‐scribed graphene (LSG). Material characterization techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, XPS, and FTIR, were employed to confirm the successful integration of Mn 3 O 4 and CDI‐NF, resulting in a unique 3D flower‐like structure. In order to verify the sensing efficiency, a selective DNA sample captured on LSG/Mn 3 O 4 ‐CDI‐NF was investigated for specifc binding with Aedes aegypti target DNA through selective hybridization and mismatch analysis. Electrochemical impedance studies further confirmed sensitive detection of up to 1 fM, where the sensitivity was confirmed by large transfer resistance ( R ct ) before and after hybridization with a regression coefficient 0.97373. EIS results demonstrated successful surface modifications and the biosensor's specificity in distinguishing between complementary, mismatched, and non‐complementary target sequences. The biosensor's ability to differentiate between these sequences highlights its potential for accurate and targeted DENV‐4 detection, offering a promising avenue for advancing dengue diagnostics

Characterizations of synthesized laser scribed graphene/molybdenum disulfide (LSG/MoS2) hybrids for supercapacitor performance

A sustainable and organic energy storage system from oil palm lignin waste-derived laser-scribed graphene embedded with molybdenum disulfide (LSG/MoS2) is reported in this work. LSG/MoS2 hybrids were fabricated to overcome the zero-band gap of graphene, and molybdenum disulfide restacking issues, and to induce electrical conductivity. Various amounts of LSG (0.1,0.5,1.0 g) were added in a MoS2 precursor to produce a nanoscale LSG/MoS2 hybrid nanostructure via the hydrothermal method. The Raman D,G, and 2D bands of LSG confirmed the formation of graphene from lignin. The FESEM morphology of LSG/MoS2 hybrids showed a porous and large surface area anchored with 3D MoS2 nanoflower on LSG. TEM imaging revealed MoS2 decorated LSG with a lattice spacing of 0.62 and 0.27nm, corresponding to the (002) and (100) planes of MoS2. In terms of electrochemical performance, LSG with 0.1g of MoS2 has the lowest resistance, the highest specific capacitance of 6.7mF/cm2 at 0.05 mA/cm2, and excellent cyclic stability of 98.1% over 1000 cycles, based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Galvanostatic Charge Discharge (GCD) tests

Social Assistance in Developing Countries Database Version 5.0

The Social Assistance in Developing Countries Database is a user-friendly tool that provides summary information on social assistance interventions in developing countries. It provides a summary of the evidence available on the effectiveness of social assistance interventions in developing countries. It focuses on programmes seeking to combine the reduction and mitigation of poverty, with strengthening and facilitating household investments capable of preventing poverty and securing development in the longer term. The inclusion of programmes is on the basis of the availability of information on design features, evaluation, size, scope, or significance. Version 5 of the database updates information on existing programmes and incorporates information on pilot social assistance programmes in Latin America, Asia and Africa. It also adopts a new typology that distinguishes between social assistance programmes providing pure income transfers; programmes that provide transfers plus interventions aimed at human, financial, or physical asset accumulation; and integrated poverty reduction programmes. This new typology has, in our view, several advantages. It is a more flexible, and more accurate, template with which to identify key programme features. It provides a good entry point into the conceptual underpinnings of social assistance programmes

A Preliminary Pharmacognostical and Physico Chemical Assay of Shalmali moola Granules

Ayurveda is concerned with the maintenance of life and the healing of illnesses that present themselves in the human body. Several herbal and Herbo mineral preparations have been explained in Ayurveda for the treatment of disease. Standardization is necessary to ensure batch to batch consistency, as well as for routine drug preparation on a large scale. Modification of old dosage forms and development of new dosage forms is an evolving process that leads significantly to the flourishing of science with a transforming lifestyle and people's interest. The preparation of granules consists of a refined form of Ghana (solid herbal extract preparation) and Khanda Kalpana (solid preparations similar to granules). Shalmali moola granule is a formulation for its beneficial properties such as, Balya (immuno-modulators), Rasayana (rejuvenator), Vajikarana (aphrodisiac) etc. Present study has elaborated standardization, physio-chemical parameters, Qualitative analysis and Chromatography (HPTLC) of Shalmali moola granules. Granules were prepared by adopting reference of Bhaishjya Rantavali and This study will be useful for standardization of Shalmali moola granule and for the preparation of the monography of this formulation for the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI)

A Preliminary Pharmacognostical and Physico Chemical Assay of Shalmali moola Granules

Ayurveda is concerned with the maintenance of life and the healing of illnesses that present themselves in the human body. Several herbal and Herbo mineral preparations have been explained in Ayurveda for the treatment of disease. Standardization is necessary to ensure batch to batch consistency, as well as for routine drug preparation on a large scale. Modification of old dosage forms and development of new dosage forms is an evolving process that leads significantly to the flourishing of science with a transforming lifestyle and people's interest. The preparation of granules consists of a refined form of Ghana (solid herbal extract preparation) and Khanda Kalpana (solid preparations similar to granules). Shalmali moola granule is a formulation for its beneficial properties such as, Balya (immuno-modulators), Rasayana (rejuvenator), Vajikarana (aphrodisiac) etc. Present study has elaborated standardization, physio-chemical parameters, Qualitative analysis and Chromatography (HPTLC) of Shalmali moola granules. Granules were prepared by adopting reference of Bhaishjya Rantavali and This study will be useful for standardization of Shalmali moola granule and for the preparation of the monography of this formulation for the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI).</jats:p