Analisis Kapasitas Tampungan Embung Bulakan untuk Memenuhi Kekurangan Kebutuhan Air Irigasi di Kecamatan Payakumbuh Selatan

The dry season often causing hundreds of hectares of rice fields suffer from drought, coupled with reduced discharge of irrigation water sources. This problem can be experienced by the farmers in various areas, including in the District of South Payakumbuh. As an alternative to solving the problem if there is such a thing is to build a small dam that is used to store water for the rainy season and used for the dry season. This paper will discuss about availability of water, irrigation water requirements, analyze capacity small dam, operating time opening the sluicegate, rice area which can be irrigated and calculate the dimensions of the spillway. From the calculation of available water discharge approximately 159.33 l / dt, maximum irrigation water requirement of 1.204 l/sec/ha, the maximum reservoir for irrigation around 12577.177 m3. Rice area which can be irrigated calculated every hour on each opening the sluicegate as high as 0.1 m, 0.15 m, 0.20 m, 0.25 m, and 0.30 m for 10 hours and a maximum rice area which can be irrigated successively measuring 195.424 ha, 284.876 ha, 368.494 ha, 445.991 ha and 517.042 ha in the first hour. Furthermore, at the tenth hour rice area which can be irrigated successively an area of 182.966 ha, 237.896 ha, 268.727 ha, 276.084 ha and 261.411 ha. Spillway using Ogee type summit with a summit height of 7.94 m and 1 m high surveillance

Perbedaan Pola Spektrum Frekuensi Suara Pengucapan Daftar Tutur Kata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Anak Dengan Geligi Protrusif (Kajian Pada Anak Laki-Laki Umur 9 Dan 12 Tahun)

Difference of Sound Frequency Spectrum Pattern of Pronunciation of Indonesian Speech List in Children with Protrusive Teeth (In 9-12 Year Old Male Children). Clarity of pronouncations for early detection of oral disorders in children has been standardized into an Indonesian speech list that is popularly spoken by primary school children, but it requires a clinical application to be used as a speech test tool lists. The purpose of this study is that the standardized Indonesian speech list can be applied clinically in the case of Angle Class I malocclusion with protrusive anterior teeth in male children aged 9 and 12 years. The list is expected to be used as a test tool for speech disorders by looking at the spectrum patterns of speech sound frequency using Readability Meter tool. The arrangement of Indonesian speech list that is popular at children in school age is a contribution to the development of early detection of cavum oris abnormalities that occur in children to ease and accelerate the determination of diagnosis. This study was conducted using analytical epidemiological method with cross sectional design; the subjects were observed one time. The subjects were 24 male children from Javanese ethnic; 12 of there were 9 years old and the other 12 were 12 years old with protrusive anterior teeth and overjet 3-4 mm. Both of the groups pronounced the Indonesian speech list containing the dominant sound frequency in malocclusion Angle class I protrusive variation in the form of words /bakteri/, /demokrasi/, /formulir/, /konveksi/, /limbah/, /nasional/, /ringkas/, /samudera/, /takjub/, /ventilasi/. The recording was directly conducted in a soundproof room through sound recorder program using flat microphones and sound processing mixer. Then, the dominant sound frequency (Hz) and the display of the spectrum patterns of the sound frequency was measured using Cool Edit Pro 2.0 and Excel software. An Excel analysis shows highly significant differences between male children aged 9 years and 12 years in Angle Class I malocclusion with protrusive variations in speech of 10 Indonesian words with the coefficient of determination “R” in the equation chart of spectrum patterns of sound frequency. Male children aged 9 years have a spectrum pattern of sound frequency which is lower and flatter than those aged 12 years

Indeks Kekeringan Provinsi Riau Menggunakan Teori Run Berbasis Data Satelit

Drought disaster is caused by the decreasing of rainfall from normal condition and the duration of dry season. And the effect is show the reducing of water availability. Based on the drought disaster risk index map by National Disaster Management Agency, can be seen that 40-60 % Riau Province got drought. Therefore, it is necessary to anticipate to reduce the impact of drought by calculate the drought index using Run Theory. Drought index can be used to indicate the longest and the greatest number of drought. The rain data who used for the calculation of the drought index is satellite rainfall data in the last 8 years from 2009 to 2016 for every district in Riau Province. The rainfall data is divided into 2 groups, 15 days for daily rainfall data and 30 days for monthly rainfall data. For 15 daily rainfall data, the longest drought duration is 7.5 months and the greatest number of drought is 494.943 mm. While for monthly rainfall data, the longest drought duration is 12 months and the greatest number of drought is 508.6 mm. based on calculation classification level of drought for dryness criteria 15 daily rainfall data from Indragiri Hilir as many as 5 times incident. For monthly rainfall data is Rokan Hilir, Pelalawan, and Kuantan Singingi as many as 3 times incident. Level of drought depiction map using ArcMap 10.1 software

La spesa pubblica in Italia: una crescita senza limiti?

Using new historical data, this paper evaluates Wagner’s Law in Italy over the time period from 1862 to 2009. To this aim, cointegration and Granger causation are used to investigate the long run relationship between government expenditure and GDP. Moreover, DOLS method is applied to estimate consistent long run elasticity between these two variables. Our main findings are that Wagner’s Law does not hold in the long run for total government expenditure. However, we find strong support for Wagner’s Law in the shorter time span from 1862 to the end of the 19th century. Such a result seems the consequence of state-building after Italy’s political unification. The new-born Italian state made a huge effort to create nation-wide infrastructures (i.e., railways, telegraph, mail, and so on) as well as an administrative structure well-ramified throughout the country. Conversely, evidence in support of Wagner’s Law is weaker in the period following WW2. Now Wagner’s Law is not verified for total government expenditure, but only for social spending, infrastructure spending, and spending for subsidies to the economy. This seems the consequence of the expansion of income-elastic cultural and welfare expenditures that were demanded to the state

Infrared conformality and bulk critical points: SU(2) with heavy adjoint quarks

28 pages, 19 figures, 14 tables. Typeset in JHEP styleThe lattice phase structure of a gauge theory can be a serious obstruction to Monte Carlo studies of its continuum behaviour. This issue is particularly delicate when numerical studies are performed to determine whether a theory is in a (near-)conformal phase. In this work we investigate the heavy mass limit of the SU(2) gauge theory with Nf=2 adjoint fermions and its lattice phase diagram, showing the presence of a critical point ending a line of first order bulk phase transition. The relevant gauge observables and the low-lying spectrum are monitored in the vicinity of the critical point with very good control over different systematic effects. The scaling properties of masses and susceptibilities open the possibility that the effective theory at criticality is a scalar theory in the universality class of the four-dimensional Gaussian model. This behaviour is clearly different from what is observed for SU(2) gauge theory with two dynamical adjoint fermions, whose (near-)conformal numerical signature is hence free from strong-coupling bulk effects

Atividade respiratória, produção de etileno e vida útil de repolho (Brassica oleracea, var. capitata) minimamente processado em atmosfera controlada.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade respiratória e a produção de etileno do repolho inteiro e minimamente processado e a vida útil do repolho mimimamente processado em atmosfera controlada, realizaram-se dois experimentos em etapas seqüenciais. Na primeira etapa, avaliaram-se a atividade respiratória e a produção de etileno do repolho inteiro e minimamente processado, em sistema fechado, nas temperaturas de 5 ºC e 10 ºC. Na segunda etapa, avaliou-se a vida útil do repolho minimamente processado em atmosfera controlada. O produto foi submetido a fluxo contínuo de misturas gasosas ternárias, com concentrações de 2% a 10% de O2 e de 3% a 10% de CO2, previamente umidificadas, na temperatura de 5 ºC por 10 dias. Como controle, foi utilizado o ar atmosférico. A atividade respiratória do repolho inteiro e minimamente processado, armazenado a 5 ºC, foi significativamente menor que a do armazenado a 10 ºC, sendo que, em ambas as temperaturas, o repolho minimamente processado foi o que obteve a maior atividade respiratória com relação ao repolho inteiro. Não foi detectada a produção de etileno pelo método de análise utilizado. A atmosfera controlada não prolongou a vida útil do repolho minimamente processado nas concentrações de 2% a 10% de oxigênio e de 3% a 10% de dióxido de carbono

Peranan Persatuan Batak Toba Dalam Mewariskan Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Toba Di Sebanga Duri

The development of the times affects the occurrence of change and causes various problems arise in the marriage customs of the Batak Toba community. Such amendment adds or reduces the obligations in marriage customs. The implementation of the marriage customs of the Batak Toba community was carried out in a long time and process, now shortened by the customary term ulaon realize (a feast that was completed for a day). In addition, the indigenous Batak Toba people in Sebanga were rarely / not intermarried but the Toba Batak community in Sebanga allowed their children to marry other tribes because the average Batak Toba community in Sebanga wandered and married with local women, and supported by women Toba Batak used to be rare in Sebanga, Duri. By having feelings and love for Toba Batak culture, Batak Toba society in Sebanga Duri founded a community named Perbato (Batak Toba Association). The purpose of this study is to determine the factors behind the formation of Perbato in Sebanga Duri, knowing how the role of Perbato in inheriting the marriage customs of the Batak Toba community in Sebanga Duri, knowing how the Toba Batak people in Sebanga Duri look at the existence of Perbato, knowing how the role of Perbato as a mediator for Completion of Toba Batak marriage customary problem in Sebanga Duri. The method used is Qualitative Approach. The research location was Sebanga, Duri. The time of study from the start of the proposal seminar to the thesis examination. The results of this study indicate that the role of Perbato in inheriting the marriage customs of Batak Toba community is something that can not be separated during the marriage ceremony which is legitimate according to the tradition of Batak Toba community in Sebanga Duri

Can the plasma PD-1 levels predict the presence and efficiency of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in patients with metastatic melanoma?

Background: The immune response in melanoma patients is locally affected by presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), generally divided into brisk, nonbrisk, and absent. Several studies have shown that a greater presence of TILs, especially brisk, in primary melanoma is associated with a better prognosis and higher survival rate. Patients and Methods: We investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) the correlation between PD-1 levels in plasma and the presence/absence of TILs in 28 patients with metastatic melanoma. Results: Low plasma PD-1 levels were correlated with brisk TILs in primary melanoma, whereas intermediate values correlated with the nonbrisk TILs, and high PD-1 levels with absent TILs. Although the low number of samples did not allow us to obtain a statistically significant correlation between the plasma PD-1 levels and the patients' overall survival depending on the absence/presence of TILs, the median survival of patients having brisk type TILs was 5 months higher than that of patients with absent and nonbrisk TILs. Conclusions: This work highlights the ability of measuring the plasma PD-1 levels in order to predict the prognosis of patients with untreated metastatic melanoma without a BRAF mutation at the time of diagnosis

Peranan Persatuan Batak Toba Dalam Mewariskan Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Batak Toba Di Sebanga Duri

The development of the times affects the occurrence of change and causes various problems arise in the marriage customs of the Batak Toba community. Such amendment adds or reduces the obligations in marriage customs. The implementation of the marriage customs of the Batak Toba community was carried out in a long time and process, now shortened by the customary term ulaon realize (a feast that was completed for a day). In addition, the indigenous Batak Toba people in Sebanga were rarely / not intermarried but the Toba Batak community in Sebanga allowed their children to marry other tribes because the average Batak Toba community in Sebanga wandered and married with local women, and supported by women Toba Batak used to be rare in Sebanga, Duri. By having feelings and love for Toba Batak culture, Batak Toba society in Sebanga Duri founded a community named Perbato (Batak Toba Association). The purpose of this study is to determine the factors behind the formation of Perbato in Sebanga Duri, knowing how the role of Perbato in inheriting the marriage customs of the Batak Toba community in Sebanga Duri, knowing how the Toba Batak people in Sebanga Duri look at the existence of Perbato, knowing how the role of Perbato as a mediator for Completion of Toba Batak marriage customary problem in Sebanga Duri. The method used is Qualitative Approach. The research location was Sebanga, Duri. The time of study from the start of the proposal seminar to the thesis examination. The results of this study indicate that the role of Perbato in inheriting the marriage customs of Batak Toba community is something that can not be separated during the marriage ceremony which is legitimate according to the tradition of Batak Toba community in Sebanga Duri

Government expenditure and economic development: evidence from Italy 1862-2009

Using a new historical dataset over the time period 1862-2009, this paper tests the validity of Wagner’s Law of public spending (WL) in Italy. To this aim, cointegration and Granger causation are used to investigate the long run relationship between GDP and government expenditure. Moreover, DOLS method is applied to estimate consistent long run elasticity between these two variables. In contrast to previous studies, we evaluate WL for both total government expenditure and some specific items of spending. Our main findings are that WL does not hold in the long run for total government expenditure. However, we find strong support for WL in the shorter time span from 1862 to the end of the 19th century. Here WL is confirmed as regards both total government expenditure and all the specific items of spending we have considered. Conversely, in the post-Second World War years, WL holds only for capital expenditure, compensation of employees, justice and national security, welfare and redistribution by the state. Thus, it seems that Italy invested a great deal and for a long period in infrastructures, justice, national security, and welfare, and less in items such as education and culture that play a paramount role in the formation of human capital