Combined effects of internal heat generation and viscous dissipation for double diffusive with Forchheimer fluid model

In this paper, a numerical study using shooting technique is applied for a double diffusive flow for the combined effects of internal heat generation and viscous dissipation over a vertical heated plate under the influence of variable fluid properties is carried out. The governing equations of the physical problem are non-linear and coupled partial differential equations for velocity, temperature and concentration distributions. Using a suitable similarity transformation, the governing equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations involving the various non-dimensional parameters of the problem. Please download the full abstract below

MHD Mixed Convection Flow over a Permeable Vertical Plate with Buoyancy and Soret Effects

This study examines the problem of steady, MHD, mixed convection flow of an incompressible viscous fluid past a semi-infinite vertical permeable plate with slip condition at the boundary layer. The flow field is exposed to the influence of buoyancy, Ohmic heating and Soret effects. The governing equations include the continuity, linear momentum, energy and mass transfer equations which are solved analytically by using perturbation method. The results of this parametric study on the velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are shown graphically and the physical aspects of the problem are highlighted and discussed. The effect of shear stress, rate of heat and mass transfer coefficients at the channel walls are displayed in tables

Interactive Responses of a Thalamic Neuron to Formalin Induced Lasting Pain in Behaving Mice

Thalamocortical (TC) neurons are known to relay incoming sensory information to the cortex via firing in tonic or burst mode. However, it is still unclear how respective firing modes of a single thalamic relay neuron contribute to pain perception under consciousness. Some studies report that bursting could increase pain in hyperalgesic conditions while others suggest the contrary. However, since previous studies were done under either neuropathic pain conditions or often under anesthesia, the mechanism of thalamic pain modulation under awake conditions is not well understood. We therefore characterized the thalamic firing patterns of behaving mice in response to nociceptive pain induced by inflammation. Our results demonstrated that nociceptive pain responses were positively correlated with tonic firing and negatively correlated with burst firing of individual TC neurons. Furthermore, burst properties such as intra-burst-interval (IntraBI) also turned out to be reliably correlated with the changes of nociceptive pain responses. In addition, brain stimulation experiments revealed that only bursts with specific bursting patterns could significantly abolish behavioral nociceptive responses. The results indicate that specific patterns of bursting activity in thalamocortical relay neurons play a critical role in controlling long-lasting inflammatory pain in awake and behaving mice

Spatial analysis of multivariate factors influencing suicide hotspots in Urban Tamil Nadu

Clusters of suicide occur when there is a concentration of frequent incidents happening closely together in both time and space. Despite advancements in technology, there has been a persistent increase in suicide instances that has proven challenging to effectively manage. This research utilizes longitudinal and spatiotemporal data sourced from reports by the Indian Ministry of Home Affairs and the Tamil Nadu government. The objective is to comprehensively examine the spatial dimension of suicide along with its influencing factors, employing scan statistics for the years 2020 and 2021. Hypothesis testing is conducted to compare hotspot and coldspot locations consistently identified within the study period of 2012-2021. To unravel the underlying causes of suicide within the consistent hotspot zone, a multivariate analysis approach is employed. Notably, this study highlights Madurai, a major city in Tamil Nadu, as a statistically significant and enduring hotspot for suicide. The analysis identifies economic factors as the primary catalyst for the escalating suicide rates in this hotspot region. This emphasizes the urgent need for increased attention to address this issue effectively. State-level assessment of suicide instances and its concerning factors, the restrictive measure of suicide instances due to availability of data sources. This study provides a roadmap that aims to assist health and governmental entities in formulating, strategizing, and implementing feasible preventive measures specifically tailored to curbing suicide incidents in urban Tamil Nadu

Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics Slip Flow of Nanofluids Over a Slendering Stretching Sheet with Heat Source or Sink Effects

Aim: The research carried out in this article is based on experimenting with a 3-D MHD nanofluid flow on a sheet as slendering stretch bearing the slip effects, thermophoresis, Brownian Motion, heat source, and sink. Water-based Cuo and Cu nano-fluids were considered for the analysis. Following the suitable techniques of similarity transformation, the partial differential equations also called the governing equations are deduced into ODE (Ordinary Differential Equations). The mathematical results were estimated by applying the Methods of Newton and Runge-Kutta. The calculations along with the graphs for different parameters were also explained. Novelty: The outcomes of novel effective graphs for different parameters of interest are shown and explained. It has been found that heat-sink/source parameters depending on the temperature and space serve as heat transfer parameters. Slip effects minimize the thermal boundary layers as well as concentration development. It is discovered that CuO-Water, as well as Cu-Water nanofluids, have homogeneous boundary layers (concentration, thermal and momentum),and as contrasted with the CuO-Water nanofluids, the mass, and the heat transfer rate is higher in Cu-Water nanofluids. The paper concludes by comparing the outcomes of the current approach with findings that already existed.</jats:p