PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN GUM ARAB TERHADAP KUALITAS ZAT GIZI MINUMAN BIUNIK

Latar belakang. Minuman olahraga dengan kadar karbohidrat dan elektrolit memiliki lebih banyak manfaat. Minuman isotonik merupakan salah satu produk minuman olahraga yang diformulasikan sebagai pengganti cairan, karbohidrat, elektrolit, dan mineral tubuh dengan cepat karena sifatnya yang mudah diserap oleh tubuh setelah diminum. Minuman biunik sebagai produk minuman isotonik, menggunakan bahan pangan lokal, yakni ubi jalar ungu dan jeruk manis dengan penambahan gum arab yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi endapan pada minuman. Produk ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan performa atlet yang mengonsumsinya. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gum arab terhadap kualitas zat gizi pada minuman biunik. Metode. Penelitian eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yaitu tiga perlakuan penambahan gum arab 0,1 persen, 0,2 persen, dan 0,3 persen pada minuman biunik berbahan dasar 75 gram ubi jalar ungu. Kualitas zat gizi dianalisis dari kadar karbohidrat dan sukrosa, kadar vitamin C, kadar natrium, dan kalium. Pembuatan minuman biunik dilakukan di Laboratorium Teknologi Pangan Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar dan analisis kadar zat gizi dilakukan di Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Makassar. Hasil. Kualitas zat gizi minuman biunik dibandingkan dengan syarat mutu  minuman isotonik di Indonesia yang mengacu pada SNI 01-4452-1998. Kadar karbohidrat sampel tidak memenuhi SNI, kadar sukrosa sesuai dengan SNI (>5%), kadar vitamin C mengikuti tren kadar karbohidrat, kadar natrium pada sampel standar (841 mg/kg) yang sesuai dengan SNI dan kadar kalium 7–8 kali diatas standar SNI. Kesimpulan. Penambahan gum arab berpengaruh terhadap kualitas zat gizi minuman biunik dan belum dapat memenuhi standar SNI minuman isotonik, hanya kadar sukrosa, vitamin C, dan natrium sampel standar yang memenuhi standar SNI. &nbsp

Atomic level understanding of site-specific interactions in Polyaniline/TiO2 composite

The results of spin-polarized density functional theory calculations find that band gap engineering can be achieved by site-specific interactions in a composite consisting of polyaniline and TiO2 nanoparticles. Interactions in the composite matrix are found to be mediated by Ti atoms inducing dependency of location of the conduction band minimum on the polyaniline site which is being probed by TiO2. This dependency is due to subtle changes in the nature of valance or conduction states near Fermi level introduced by the interacting matrix sites. The results therefore suggest that optimization of the synthesis parameters at atomic level can be an effective way to improve performance of a photovoltaic device based on PAni- TiO2 composite

A global reference database of crowdsourced cropland data collected using the Geo-Wiki platform

A global reference data set on cropland was collected through a crowdsourcing campaign using the Geo-Wiki crowdsourcing tool. The campaign lasted three weeks, with over 80 participants from around the world reviewing almost 36,000 sample units, focussing on cropland identification. For quality assessment purposes, two additional data sets are provided. The first is a control set of 1,793 sample locations validated by students trained in satellite image interpretation. This data set was used to assess the quality of the crowd as the campaign progressed. The second data set contains 60 expert validations for additional evaluation of the quality of the contributions. All data sets are split into two parts: the first part shows all areas classified as cropland and the second part shows cropland average per location and user. After further processing, the data presented here might be suitable to validate and compare medium and high resolution cropland maps generated using remote sensing. These could also be used to train classification algorithms for developing new maps of land cover and cropland extent

Babies of South Asian and European Ancestry Show Similar Associations With Genetic Risk Score for Birth Weight Despite the Smaller Size of South Asian Newborns.

Size at birth is known to be influenced by various fetal and maternal factors, including genetic effects. South Asians have a high burden of low birth weight and cardiometabolic diseases, yet studies of common genetic variations underpinning these phenotypes are lacking. We generated independent, weighted fetal genetic scores (fGSs) and maternal genetic scores (mGSs) from 196 birth weight-associated variants identified in Europeans and conducted an association analysis with various fetal birth parameters and anthropometric and cardiometabolic traits measured at different follow-up stages (5-6-year intervals) from seven Indian and Bangladeshi cohorts of South Asian ancestry. The results from these cohorts were compared with South Asians in UK Biobank and the Exeter Family Study of Childhood Health, a European ancestry cohort. Birth weight increased by 50.7 g and 33.6 g per SD of fGS (P = 9.1 × 10-11) and mGS (P = 0.003), respectively, in South Asians. A relatively weaker mGS effect compared with Europeans indicates possible different intrauterine exposures between Europeans and South Asians. Birth weight was strongly associated with body size in both childhood and adolescence (P = 3 × 10-5 to 1.9 × 10-51); however, fGS was associated with body size in childhood only (P < 0.01) and with head circumference, fasting glucose, and triglycerides in adults (P < 0.01). The substantially smaller newborn size in South Asians with comparable fetal genetic effect to Europeans on birth weight suggests a significant role of factors related to fetal growth that were not captured by the present genetic scores. These factors may include different environmental exposures, maternal body size, health and nutritional status, etc. Persistent influence of genetic loci on size at birth and adult metabolic syndrome in our study supports a common genetic mechanism that partly explains associations between early development and later cardiometabolic health in various populations, despite marked differences in phenotypic and environmental factors in South Asians

A crowdsourced global data set for validating built-up surface layers

Several global high-resolution built-up surface products have emerged over the last five years, taking full advantage of open sources of satellite data such as Landsat and Sentinel. However, these data sets require validation that is independent of the producers of these products. To fill this gap, we designed a validation sample set of 50 K locations using a stratified sampling approach independent of any existing global built-up surface products. We launched a crowdsourcing campaign using Geo-Wiki (https://www.geo-wiki.org/) to visually interpret this sample set for built-up surfaces using very high-resolution satellite images as a source of reference data for labelling the samples, with a minimum of five validations per sample location. Data were collected for 10 m sub-pixels in an 80 × 80 m grid to allow for geo-registration errors as well as the application of different validation modes including exact pixel matching to majority or percentage agreement. The data set presented in this paper is suitable for the validation and inter-comparison of multiple products of built-up areas

Global forest management data for 2015 at a 100 m resolution

Spatially explicit information on forest management at a global scale is critical for understanding the status of forests, for planning sustainable forest management and restoration, and conservation activities. Here, we produce the first reference data set and a prototype of a globally consistent forest management map with high spatial detail on the most prevalent forest management classes such as intact forests, managed forests with natural regeneration, planted forests, plantation forest (rotation up to 15 years), oil palm plantations, and agroforestry. We developed the reference dataset of 226 K unique locations through a series of expert and crowdsourcing campaigns using Geo-Wiki (https://www.geo-wiki.org/). We then combined the reference samples with time series from PROBA-V satellite imagery to create a global wall-to-wall map of forest management at a 100 m resolution for the year 2015, with forest management class accuracies ranging from 58% to 80%. The reference data set and the map present the status of forest ecosystems and can be used for investigating the value of forests for species, ecosystems and their services

A crowdsourced global data set for validating built-up surface layers

Several global high-resolution built-up surface products have emerged over the last five years, taking full advantage of open sources of satellite data such as Landsat and Sentinel. However, these data sets require validation that is independent of the producers of these products. To fill this gap, we designed a validation sample set of 50 K locations using a stratified sampling approach independent of any existing global built-up surface products. We launched a crowdsourcing campaign using Geo-Wiki (https://www.geo-wiki.org/) to visually interpret this sample set for built-up surfaces using very high-resolution satellite images as a source of reference data for labelling the samples, with a minimum of five validations per sample location. Data were collected for 10 m sub-pixels in an 80 × 80 m grid to allow for geo-registration errors as well as the application of different validation modes including exact pixel matching to majority or percentage agreement. The data set presented in this paper is suitable for the validation and inter-comparison of multiple products of built-up areas

Global forest management data for 2015 at a 100 m resolution

Spatially explicit information on forest management at a global scale is critical for understanding the status of forests, for planning sustainable forest management and restoration, and conservation activities. Here, we produce the first reference data set and a prototype of a globally consistent forest management map with high spatial detail on the most prevalent forest management classes such as intact forests, managed forests with natural regeneration, planted forests, plantation forest (rotation up to 15 years), oil palm plantations, and agroforestry. We developed the reference dataset of 226 K unique locations through a series of expert and crowdsourcing campaigns using Geo-Wiki (https://www.geo-wiki.org/). We then combined the reference samples with time series from PROBA-V satellite imagery to create a global wall-to-wall map of forest management at a 100 m resolution for the year 2015, with forest management class accuracies ranging from 58% to 80%. The reference data set and the map present the status of forest ecosystems and can be used for investigating the value of forests for species, ecosystems and their services