Assessing a New Clue to How Much Carbon Plants Take Up

Current climate models disagree on how much carbon dioxide land ecosystems take up for photosynthesis. Tracking the stronger carbonyl sulfide signal could help

Measurement of psychological entitlement in 28 countries

This article presents the cross-cultural validation of the Entitlement Attitudes Questionnaire, a tool designed to measure three facets of psychological entitlement: active, passive, and revenge entitlement. Active entitlement was defined as the tendency to protect individual rights based on self-worthiness. Passive entitlement was defined as the belief in obligations to and expectations toward other people and institutions for the fulfillment of the individual’s needs. Revenge entitlement was defined as the tendency to protect one’s individual rights when violated by others and the tendency to reciprocate insults. The 15-item EAQ was validated in a series of three studies: the first one on a general Polish sample (N = 1,900), the second one on a sample of Polish students (N = 199), and the third one on student samples from 28 countries (N = 5,979). A three-factor solution was confirmed across all samples. Examination of measurement equivalence indicated partial metric invariance of EAQ for all national samples. Discriminant and convergent validity of the EAQ was also confirmed

More than a metaphor: How the understanding of power is grounded in experience

Judgment and thinking about power, a universal form of human sociality, is intimately tied to spatial cues: Nonverbal communication, cultural produc-tion of power symbols, and metaphors of power all make use of the vertical spatial dimension. We argue that this overlap is due to a grounding of the concept of power in spatial thought. Evidence confirming this proposition can be found in experiments showing the impact of highly schematized spatial cues on judgments of power. We will discuss how semantic network theories, embodied theories of cognition, and conceptual metaphor theory fare in explaining and predicting the combined evidence on nonverbal be-havior, cultural production, and metaphors. In particular, we will ask what role language in the form of metaphors plays for our understanding of pow-er as size and elevation: Whether it is causal, or mainly an outcome of other processes that are not based on language.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

More than a metaphor: How the understanding of power is grounded in experience

Judgment and thinking about power, a universal form of human sociality, is intimately tied to spatial cues: Nonverbal communication, cultural produc-tion of power symbols, and metaphors of power all make use of the vertical spatial dimension. We argue that this overlap is due to a grounding of the concept of power in spatial thought. Evidence confirming this proposition can be found in experiments showing the impact of highly schematized spatial cues on judgments of power. We will discuss how semantic network theories, embodied theories of cognition, and conceptual metaphor theory fare in explaining and predicting the combined evidence on nonverbal be-havior, cultural production, and metaphors. In particular, we will ask what role language in the form of metaphors plays for our understanding of pow-er as size and elevation: Whether it is causal, or mainly an outcome of other processes that are not based on language.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

“Kama muta” or ‘being moved by love’: a bootstrapping approach to the ontology and epistemology of an emotion

The emotion that people may label being moved, touched, having a heart-warming experience, rapture, or tender feelings evoked by cuteness has rarely been studied and is incompletely conceptualized. Yet it is pervasive across history, cultures, and contexts, shaping the most fundamental relationships that make up society. It is positive and can be a peak or ecstatic experience. Because no vernacular words consistently or accurately delineate this emotion, we call it kama muta. We posit that it is evoked when communal sharing relationships suddenly intensify. Using ethnological, historical, linguistic, interview, participant observation, survey, diary, and experimental methods, we have confirmed that when people report feeling this emotion they perceive that a relationship has become closer, and they tend to have a warm feeling in the chest, shed tears, and/or get goosebumps. We posit that the disposition to kama muta is an evolved universal, but that it is always culturally shaped and oriented; it must be culturally informed in order to adaptively motivate people to devote and commit themselves to new opportunities for locally propitious communal sharing relationships. Moreover, a great many cultural practices, institutions, roles, narratives, arts and artifacts are specifically adapted to evoke kama muta: that is their function.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

The sudden devotion emotion: kama muta and the cultural practices whose function is to evoke it

When communal sharing relationships (CSRs) suddenly intensify, people experience an emotion that English speakers may label, depending on context, “moved,” “touched,” “heart-warming,” “nostalgia,” “patriotism,” or “rapture” (although sometimes people use each of these terms for other emotions). We call the emotion kama muta (Sanskrit, “moved by love”). Kama muta evokes adaptive motives to devote and commit to the CSRs that are fundamental to social life. It occurs in diverse contexts and appears to be pervasive across cultures and throughout history, while people experience it with reference to its cultural and contextual meanings. Cultures have evolved diverse practices, institutions, roles, narratives, arts, and artifacts whose core function is to evoke kama muta. Kama muta mediates much of human sociality.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

“Kama muta” or ‘being moved by love’: a bootstrapping approach to the ontology and epistemology of an emotion

The emotion that people may label being moved, touched, having a heart-warming experience, rapture, or tender feelings evoked by cuteness has rarely been studied and is incompletely conceptualized. Yet it is pervasive across history, cultures, and contexts, shaping the most fundamental relationships that make up society. It is positive and can be a peak or ecstatic experience. Because no vernacular words consistently or accurately delineate this emotion, we call it kama muta. We posit that it is evoked when communal sharing relationships suddenly intensify. Using ethnological, historical, linguistic, interview, participant observation, survey, diary, and experimental methods, we have confirmed that when people report feeling this emotion they perceive that a relationship has become closer, and they tend to have a warm feeling in the chest, shed tears, and/or get goosebumps. We posit that the disposition to kama muta is an evolved universal, but that it is always culturally shaped and oriented; it must be culturally informed in order to adaptively motivate people to devote and commit themselves to new opportunities for locally propitious communal sharing relationships. Moreover, a great many cultural practices, institutions, roles, narratives, arts and artifacts are specifically adapted to evoke kama muta: that is their function.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Full characterization of vibrational coherence in a porphyrin chromophore by two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy

In this work we present experimental and calculated two-dimensional electronic spectra for a 5,15-bisalkynyl porphyrin chromophore. The lowest energy electronic Qy transition couples mainly to a single 380 cm–1 vibrational mode. The two-dimensional electronic spectra reveal diagonal and cross peaks which oscillate as a function of population time. We analyze both the amplitude and phase distribution of this main vibronic transition as a function of excitation and detection frequencies. Even though Feynman diagrams provide a good indication of where the amplitude of the oscillating components are located in the excitation-detection plane, other factors also affect this distribution. Specifically, the oscillation corresponding to each Feynman diagram is expected to have a phase that is a function of excitation and detection frequencies. Therefore, the overall phase of the experimentally observed oscillation will reflect this phase dependence. Another consequence is that the overall oscillation amplitude can show interference patterns resulting from overlapping contributions from neighboring Feynman diagrams. These observations are consistently reproduced through simulations based on third order perturbation theory coupled to a spectral density described by a Brownian oscillator model

The best loved story of all time: overcoming all obstacles to be reunited, evoking kama muta

info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio

The best loved story of all time: overcoming all obstacles to be reunited, evoking kama muta

info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersio