Comparison of topical paromomycin sulfate (twice/day) with intralesional meglumine antimoniate for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major

This is an open study to compare the cure rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. major and treated with either paromomycin sulfate or intralesional injection of meglumine antimoniate. Sixty parasitologically proven cases with 1-3 lesions were included and divided randomly into two equal groups; one group received 1 ml of meglumine antimonate intradermally every other day for 20 days, the other group received the ointment containing 15 parmomycin sulfate in urea twice daily for 20 days. The patients were clinically evaluated at 1 and 6 weeks after treatment was completed. The results of clinical evaluation at 1 week after treatment completed showed a cure rate of 18 out of 27 (66) in the meglumine antimonate injected group and 20 out of 29 (68) in the paromomycin sulfate treated group. The chi square test was used to compare the cure rate between the two groups and showed no significant difference (p = 0.85)

Laplace Adomian Decomposition and Modify Laplace Adomian Decomposition Methods for Solving Linear Volterra Integro-Fractional Differential Equations with Constant Multi-Time Retarded Delay

     في هذا العمل نقدم تحويلات لابلاس مع طريقة أدوميان التحليلية المتسلسلة و كما اننا نعدل طريقة أدوميان التحليلية للمرة الاولى لحل معادلات فولتيرا التفاضلية-التكاملية الخطيه للرتب الكسرية كما في مفهوم كابوتو مع التأخير الحدي المتضاعف الثابت. هذه الطريقة تعتمد على مزيج ممتاز من طريقة تحويلات لابلاس، طريقة تحديد المتسلسلات، طريقة متعددات الحدود لادوميان مع التعديلات. أن التقنية المستخدمة تحول التأخير الحدي للمعادلات التفاضلية ذات التكاملات الكسرية الى معادلات جبرية متكررة عندما تكون نواة الفروق من نوع المنحل البسيط. و أخيراَ أعطيت أمثلة لتوضيح فعالية و ديقة الطرق المقترحة.In this work, we present Laplace transform with series Adomian decomposition and modify Adomian decomposition methods for the first time to solve linear Volterra integro-differential equations of the fractional order in Caputo sense with constant multi-time Retarded delay. This method is primarily based on the elegant mixture of Laplace transform method, series expansion method and Adomian polynomial with modifications. The proposed technique will transform the multi-term delay integro-fractional differential equations into some iterative algebraic equations, and it is capable of reducing computational analytical works where the kernel of difference and simple degenerate types. Analytical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methods

The psychological and social impact of the digital self-support system ‘Brain in Hand’ on autistic people: prospective cohort study in England and Wales

Background Brain in Hand (BIH) is a UK-based digital self-support system for managing anxiety and social functioning. Aims To identify the impact of BIH on the psychological and social functioning of adults with autism. Method Adults with diagnosed or suspected DSM-5 (level 1) autism, identified by seven NHS autism services in England and Wales, were recruited for a 12-week prospective mixed-methods cohort study. The primary quantitative outcome measures were the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HONOS-LD) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Fisher's exact test explored sociodemographic associations. Paired t-test was utilised for pre–post analysis of overall effectiveness of BIH. Multivariable linear regression models, univariable pre–post analysis, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, logistic regression analysis, Bonferroni correction and normative analysis were used to give confidence in changes identified. A thematic analysis of semi-structured exist interviews following Braun and Clarke's six-step process of 10% of participants who completed the study was undertaken. Results Sixty-six of 99 participants completed the study. There was significant reduction in mean HONOS-LD scores, with 0.65 s.d. decrease in those who used BIH for 12 weeks. Significant positive changes were identified in HONOS-LD subdomains of ‘self-injurious behaviours’, ‘memory and orientation’, ‘communication problems in understanding’, ‘occupation and activities’ and ‘problems with relationship’. A significant reduction in the anxiety, but not depression, component of the HADS scores was identified. Thematic analysis showed high confidence in BIH. Conclusions BIH improved anxiety and other clinical, social and functioning outcomes of adults with autism. </jats:sec

Is Paromomycin an Effective and Safe Treatment against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis? A Meta-Analysis of 14 Randomized Controlled Trials

Millions of people worldwide are suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis that is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Although pentavalent antimony compounds are the treatment of choice, their use is limited by high cost, poor compliance, and systemic toxicity. Paromomycin was developed to overcome such limitations. However, there is no consensus on its efficacy. This meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of paromomycin compared with placebo and pentavalent antimony compounds. Fourteen randomized controlled trials, including 1,221 patients, met our selection criteria. Topical paromomycin appeared to have therapeutic activity against the old world and new world cutaneous leishmaniasis, with increased local reactions, when combined with methylbenzethonium chloride. Topical paromomycin was not significantly different from intralesional pentavalent antimony compounds in treating the old world form, whereas it was inferior to parenteral pentavalent antimony compounds in treating the new world form. However, a similar efficacy was found between parenteral paromomycin and pentavalent antimony compounds in treating the new world form. Fewer systemic side effects were observed with topical and parenteral paromomycin than pentavalent antimony compounds. These results suggest that topical paromomycin with methylbenzethonium chloride could be a therapeutic alternative to pentavalent antimony compounds for selected cases of the old world cutaneous leishmaniasis

Laplace Transform for Solving System of Integro-Fractional Differential Equations of Volterra Type with Variable Coefficients and Multi-Time Delay

This study is the first to use Laplace transform methods to solve a system of Caputo fractional Volterra integro-differential equations with variable coefficients and a constant multi-time delay. This technique is based on different types of kernels, which we will explain in this paper. Symmetry kernels, which have properties of difference kernels or simple degenerate kernels, are able to compute analytical work. These are demonstrated by solving certain examples and analyzing the effectiveness and precision of cause techniques.</jats:p

Laplace Transform for Solving System of Integro-Fractional Differential Equations of Volterra Type with Variable Coefficients and Multi-Time Delay

This study is the first to use Laplace transform methods to solve a system of Caputo fractional Volterra integro-differential equations with variable coefficients and a constant multi-time delay. This technique is based on different types of kernels, which we will explain in this paper. Symmetry kernels, which have properties of difference kernels or simple degenerate kernels, are able to compute analytical work. These are demonstrated by solving certain examples and analyzing the effectiveness and precision of cause techniques

(Liquid + liquid) equilibrium data for the system (propylene glycol + water + tetraoctyl ammonium 2-methyl-1-naphthoate)

Propylene glycol (PG) is an important low toxic glycol, widely used in the food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and the chemical industries. The recovery of PG from aqueous streams using conventional unit operations such as evaporation is highly energy demanding because of the large amounts of water that need to be evaporated. An alternative, more energy efficient technology could be liquid–liquid extraction. The use of tetraoctyl ammonium 2-methyl-1-naphtoate [TOA MNaph], a previously reported tailor made ionic liquid, (L.Y. Garcia-Chavez, B. Schuur, A.B. de Haan, J. Chem. Thermodyn. (2012). Doi: 10.1016/j.jct.2012.03.009) [19], for the extraction of mono ethylene glycol, was experimentally investigated for the liquid–liquid extraction of PG from aqueous streams by measuring the (liquid + liquid) equilibrium data for the system PG + water + [TOA MNaph] at three different temperatures. The data were correlated with both the NRTL and UNIQUAC models. Both thermodynamic models were able to correlate the experimental data well, with root square mean deviations (RMSD) of 1.51% and 1.20% for NRTL and UNIQUAC, respectively. From the high distribution of PG compared to traditional solvents, it could be concluded that [TOA MNaph] is a promising solvent for PG recovery from aqueous broth

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the separation of 2,3-butanediol from aqueous streams using tetraoctyl ammonium 2-methyl-1-naphthoate

Microbiological production of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) through fermentation using renewable feedstock is a promising option for the production of bio based chemicals. Liquid–liquid extraction could be a more efficient process, if a proper solvent is used. Tetraoctyl ammonium 2-methyl-1-naphthoate [TOA MNaph] is a tailor made hydrophobic ionic liquid that may be applied for the recovery of 2,3-BD from aqueous streams. In this work, the (liquid + liquid) equilibrium data for {2,3-BD + water + [TOA MNaph]} at (313.2, 333.2, and 353.2) K have been obtained and correlated to the NRTL and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models. Root square mean deviations (RMSD) values of 1.54% (NRTL) and 1.88% (UNIQUAC) were obtained, showing that both models can properly describe the experimental data. Compared to conventional solvents [TOA MNaph] presents a good balance between distribution coefficient (D2,3BD = 1.08) and selectivity (S = 11.47)

Diagnostic stability of first-episode psychosis. Comparison of ICD-10 and DSM-III-R systems

Bipolar disorders and schizophrenia showed the highest stability. DSM-III-R schizophrenia did not have greater stability than ICD-10 schizophrenia