An algebraic model for free rational G-spectra

We show that for any compact Lie group G with identity component N and component group W = G/N, the category of free rational G-spectra is equivalent to the category of torsion modules over the twisted group ring H ∗ (BN)[W]. This gives an algebraic classification of rational G-equivariant cohomology theories on free G-spaces and a practical method for calculating the groups of natural transformations between them

Haze in the Mars atmosphere as revealed by the Mariner 4 television data

Photometric investigation of haze in Mars atmosphere revealed by Mariner 4 television dat

An algebraic model for rational torus-equivariant spectra

We show that the category of rational G-spectra for a torus G is Quillen equivalent to an explicit small and practical algebraic model, thereby providing a universal de Rham model for rational G-equivariant cohomology theories. The result builds on the first author's Adams spectral sequence, the second author's functors making rational spectra algebraic. There are several steps, some perhaps of wider interest (1) isotropy separation (replacing the category of G-spectra by modules over a diagram of isotropically simple ring G-spectra) (2) passage to fixed points on ring and module categories (replacing diagrams of ring G-spectra by diagrams of ring spectra) (3) replacing diagrams of ring spectra by diagrams of differential graded algebras (4) rigidity (replacing diagrams of DGAs by diagrams of graded rings). Systematic use of cellularization of model categories is central

Fixed point adjunctions for module spectra

We consider the Quillen adjunction between fixed points and inflation in the context of equivariant module spectra over equivariant ring spectra, and give numerous examples including some based on geometric fixed points and some on the Eilenberg-Moore spectral sequence. These results were originally presented as part of our equivalence between rational torus-equivariant spectra and an algebraic model in arXiv:1101.2511. However, the present results apply in many other interesting cases explored here, which are not rational and where the ambient group is not a torus. The material in arXiv:1101.2511v3 will be revised to refer to this paper

Spinal cord stimulation for predominant low back pain in failed back surgery syndrome: study protocol for an international multicenter randomized controlled trial (PROMISE study)

Background: Although results of case series support the use of spinal cord stimulation in failed back surgery syndrome patients with predominant low back pain, no confirmatory randomized controlled trial has been undertaken in this patient group to date. PROMISE is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study designed to compare the clinical effectiveness of spinal cord stimulation plus optimal medical management with optimal medical management alone in patients with failed back surgery syndrome and predominant low back pain. Method/Design: Patients will be recruited in approximately 30 centers across Canada, Europe, and the United States. Eligible patients with low back pain exceeding leg pain and an average Numeric Pain Rating Scale score >= 5 for low back pain will be randomized 1:1 to spinal cord stimulation plus optimal medical management or to optimal medical management alone. The investigators will tailor individual optimal medical management treatment plans to their patients. Excluded from study treatments are intrathecal drug delivery, peripheral nerve stimulation, back surgery related to the original back pain complaint, and experimental therapies. Patients randomized to the spinal cord stimulation group will undergo trial stimulation, and if they achieve adequate low back pain relief a neurostimulation system using the Specify (R) 5-6-5 multi-column lead (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) will be implanted to capture low back pain preferentially in these patients. Outcome assessment will occur at baseline (pre-randomization) and at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months post randomization. After the 6-month visit, patients can change treatment to that received by the other randomized group. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with >= 50% reduction in low back pain at the 6-month visit. Additional outcomes include changes in low back and leg pain, functional disability, health-related quality of life, return to work, healthcare utilization including medication usage, and patient satisfaction. Data on adverse events will be collected. The primary analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Healthcare use data will be used to assess costs and long-term cost-effectiveness. Discussion: Recruitment began in January 2013 and will continue until 2016

Clinician and patients’ views about self-management support in arthritis: a cross-sectional UK survey

Objective The overall aims of the study are to (a) establish receipt and provision of self-management support for patients with inflammatory arthritis in the UK; and (b) establish if receipt of selfmanagement support is associated with patient’s knowledge, skills and confidence to selfmanage. Methods Questionnaire for patients and healthcare professionals were sent to members and associates of the National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society (NRAS). Patients completed the Patient Activation Measure (PAM), and questions about receipt of self-management support. Healthcare professionals completed the Clinician Support PAM and questions about provision of self-management support. Results A total of 886 patients and 117 healthcare professionals completed a questionnaire. Only 15% of patients had attended a structured self-management programme. Over half of patients reported having the skills, confidence and knowledge to self-manage and this was associated with receipt of self-management support embedded in routine care. All healthcare professionals felt that patients should be actively involved in their own care, however, 60% were unable to offer structured self-management support. Healthcare professionals reported engaging in more embedded self-management support than patients reported receiving in routine care