Higher Education and Community-Based Research: Creating a Global Vision

This is a book review for Higher Education and Community-Based Research: Creating a Global Vision

Fungal Origins of the Bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane Ring System of Prenylated Indole Alkaloids

Over eight different families of natural products, consisting of nearly seventy secondary metabolites, which contain the bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system, have been isolated from various Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Malbranchea species. Since 1968, these secondary metabolites have been the focus of numerous biogenetic, synthetic, taxonomic, and biological studies, and, as such, have made a lasting impact across multiple scientific disciplines. This review covers the isolation, biosynthesis, and biological activity of these unique secondary metabolites containing the bridging bicyclo[2.2.2]diazaoctane ring system. Furthermore, the diverse fungal origin of these natural products is closely examined and, in many cases, updated to reflect the currently accepted fungal taxonomy

Ideological cultures and media discourses on scientific knowledge: re-reading news on climate change

Focusing on the representation of climate change in the British “quality press,” this article argues that the discursive (re)construction of scientific claims in the media is strongly entangled with ideological standpoints. Understood here as a set of ideas and values that legitimate a program of action vis-à-vis a given social and political order, ideology works as a powerful selection device in deciding what is scientific news, i.e. what the relevant “facts” are, and who are the authorized “agents of definition” of science matters. The representation of scientific knowledge has important implications for evaluating political programs and assessing the responsibility of both governments and the public in addressing climate change

Collaboration and knowledge exchange between scholars in Britain and the empire, 1830–1914

In recent years there has been a growing interest among historians in the British Empire as a space of knowledge production and circulation. Much of this work assumes that scholarly cooperation and collaboration between individuals and institutions within the Empire had the effect (and often also the aim) of strengthening both imperial ties and the idea of empire. This chapter argues, however, that many examples of scholarly travel, exchange, and collaboration were undertaken with very different goals in mind. In particular, it highlights the continuing importance of an ideal of scientific internationalism, which stressed the benefits of scholarship for the whole of humanity and prioritized the needs and goals of individual academic and scientific disciplines. As the chapter shows, some scholars even went on to develop nuanced critiques of the imperial project while using the very structures of empire to further their own individual, disciplinary and institutional goals

Effects of prolactin and growth hormone on growth and metamorphosis of tadpoles of the frog, Rana pipiens

Mammalian prolactin at doses of 1-50 [mu]g/day promoted growth (increased wet weight, dry weight and body length) in Rana pipiens tadpoles. Mammalian growth hormone (GH) promoted growth only at the higher doses (50 [mu]g/day and above) and was not so effective as prolactin.Prolactin also inhibited metamorphosis (at doses of 5 [mu]g/day and above). Inhibition of metamorphosis did not appear to be due to reduction in tissue sensitivity to thyroxine since prolactin-treated tadpoles metamorphosed in response to exogenously administered thyroxine (4-100 [mu]g/liter) to the same extent as controls. Prolactin promoted further growth in tadpoles in which the thyroid level had been reduced with thiouracil or by thyroidectomy. This indicates that growth promotion caused by prolactin is not just the result of thyroid inhibition, although it is possible that a portion of the growth stimulation is due to the antithyroid action of prolactin.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32919/1/0000301.pd

Effects of hypophysectomy, prolactin, and growth hormone on growth of postmetamorphic frogs

Hypophysectomy of juvenile postmetamorphic frogs (Rana pipiens) reduced growth (wet weight and length) compared to sham hypophysectomized controls. Mammalian growth hormone at doses of 10-50 [mu]g/day promoted growth in intact frogs during a 2-month period. However, 5 [mu]g/day of GH for 1 month did not promote growth. Mammalian prolactin did not promote growth in postmetamorphic frogs over a 2-month period at doses between 5 and 50 [mu]g/day.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/32921/1/0000303.pd

Effects of prolactin and somatotropin on growth and metamorphosis of amphibians

Mammalian prolactin stimulates growth and inhibits metamorphosis of larvae of several species of amphibians. Mammalian somatotropin has little or no effect upon larval growth or metamorphosis unless used in high concentrations. The evidence behind these statements and some of the implications are critically evaluated. Growth of postmetamorphic amphibians is stimulated by somatotropin but not by prolactin. The possible biological significance of this apparent transition from prolactin to somatotropin regulation of growth in the pre- and postmetamorphic stages of development is discussed in terms of possible mechanisms involved in the transition, and in terms of the adaptive significance of the change.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34198/1/0000487.pd

Effects of hypophysectomy and thyroidectomy on salt balance in the plethodontid salamanders, Desmognathus fuscus and Desmognathus monticola

Hypophysectomy significantly reduced serum sodium levels in Desmognathus fuscus and D. monticola . Prolactin, corticosterone or aldosterone replacement failed to restore serum sodium to control levels. Hypophysectomy also led to decreases in in vitro integumental potential difference and shortcircuit current, which were not restored to control levels by prolactin or corticosterone. Thyroidectomy significantly reduced the level of serum sodium in D. monticola , but it increased in vitro potential difference and short-circuit current. Thyroxine treatment of either hypophysectomized or thyroidectomized D. monticola completely restored serum sodium, potential difference and short-circuite current to control levels.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47122/1/360_2004_Article_BF00799050.pd