In or Out? Seeing exclusions from Constitutional Law from the theory of constitutional game

Session IIAccording to the theory of constitutional game, constitutional practices including the interpretation of constitutional provisions and application of constitutional provisions to real life situations are the result of interactive processes among different political actors enjoying constitutional powers under the constitution. Ideological, institutional and strategic factors affect how the political actors interpret or apply the constitutional provisions on the basis of their own constitutional goals. Political actors are constrained by the perception of other political actors on the legitimacy of their actions or non-actions. The theory of constitutional game provides a perspective to understand the ambit of constitutional law (on paper as well as in action). Whether a certain social phenomena or social activity is excluded from or covered by the provisions of the constitution, it is resulted from the complicated process of game-like interactions among the political actors within its unique constitutional environment.published_or_final_versio

Micro Balloon Actuators for Aerodynamic Control

A robust, large-force, large-deflection micro balloon actuator for aerodynamic (manoeuvring) control of transonic aircraft has been developed. Using a novel process, high yield linear arrays of silicone balloons on a robust silicon substrate have been fabricated that can deflect vertically in excess of one mm. Balloon actuators have been tested under cyclic conditions to assess reliability. The actuators have been characterized in a wind tunnel to assess their suitability as aerodynamic control surfaces and flight-tested on a jet fighter to assess their resistance to varied temperatures and pressures at high velocity

Electronic excitations of benzene from the equations of motion method

We have used the equations of motion method to calculate the excitation energies and intensities of several transitions in benzene. The ordering of the singlet and triplet states of B_(2u), B_(1u), and E_(1u) symmetry agrees with experiment and the error in the calculated frequencies ranges from 3% to 25%. This error range is reasonable considering the relatively small basis set used. The most extensive calculation included 10 hole and 28 particle states and shows the effect of changes in the sigma core for each transition. The calculated transition moment of 1.74 a.u. for the ^1A_(1g)→^1E_(1u) transition agrees well with the experimental value of 1.61 a.u

Is 'Final' Really Final?

Recently, the Appeal Committee of the Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal raised the question of whether that court had the power to hear an appeal against a decision of the Court of Appeal. The decision in question concerned a judgment of professional misconduct against an accountant by a disciplinary committee under the Professional Accountants Ordinance. The ordinance clearly states that the decision of the Court of Appeal is final. This article examines whether the Court of Final Appeal has the constitutional jurisdiction to hear appeals against Court of Appeal decisions. The author concludes that for appeals that are statutory in nature, if the relevant statute specifically excludes appeals to the Court of Final Appeal then that court has no jurisdiction to hear any such appeal.published_or_final_versio

Aperture excited dielectric antennas

The results of a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of the effect of placing dielectric objects over the aperture of waveguide antennas are presented. Experimental measurements of the radiation patterns, gain, impedance, near-field amplitude, and pattern and impedance coupling between pairs of antennas are given for various Plexiglas shapes, including the sphere and the cube, excited by rectangular, circular, and square waveguide feed apertures. The waveguide excitation of a dielectric sphere is modeled using the Huygens' source, and expressions for the resulting electric fields, directivity, and efficiency are derived. Calculations using this model show good overall agreement with experimental patterns and directivity measurements. The waveguide under an infinite dielectric slab is used as an impedance model. Calculations using this model agree qualitatively with the measured impedance data. It is concluded that dielectric loaded antennas such as the waveguide excited sphere, cube, or sphere-cylinder can produce directivities in excess of that obtained by a uniformly illuminated aperture of the same cross section, particularly for dielectric objects with dimensions of 2 wavelengths or less. It is also shown that for certain configurations coupling between two antennas of this type is less than that for the same antennas without dielectric loading

Hysteretic magnetoresistance and unconventional anomalous Hall effect in the frustrated magnet TmB_4

We study TmB_4, a frustrated magnet on the Archimedean Shastry-Sutherland lattice, through magnetization and transport experiments. The lack of anisotropy in resistivity shows that TmB_4 is an electronically three-dimensional system. The magnetoresistance (MR) is hysteretic at low-temperature even though a corresponding hysteresis in magnetization is absent. The Hall resistivity shows unconventional anomalous Hall effect (AHE) and is linear above saturation despite a large MR. We propose that complex structures at magnetic domain walls may be responsible for the hysteretic MR and may also lead to the AHE