A novel design for hardware interface board with reduced resource utilization

The final cost of an integrated circuit (IC) is proportional to its testing time. One of the main goals of test engineers when building an IC test solution is to reduce test time. Reduction of Test time is achieved by multi-site testing where multiple ICs are tested simultaneously using automated test equipment (ATE). During multi-site testing, if a certain test requires abundant resources, it is accomplished by testing one set of ICs at a time while the other ICs remain idle, thus lengthening the total test time. In digital-analog hybrid ICs, both analog and digital tests need to be performed, increasing the tester resource requirement and causing digital resource shortage. This paper describes a hardware interface board (HIB) design for a test case of a digital-analog IC on Teradyne’s ETS-364 ATE. The HIB's design allows the ATE to perform multi-site I2C based tests, which usually require lot of tester resources, utilizing only two digital resources and one measurement resource. This design achieves halving the I2C test time while lowering the number of resources necessary for multi-site testing compared to set-by-set testing. The proposed work has achieved up to 90.625% of resource reduction for multisite testing for a single test

Optimal path discovery for two moving sinks with a common junction in a wireless sensor network

A new algorithm is described for determining the optimal round-trip paths for two moving sinks in a wireless sensor network. The algorithm uses binary integer programming to select two non-overlapping shortest paths except having a common junction node to cover all the sensor nodes. The two paths are balanced as nearly equal as possible. That is the sensor nodes along each path are equal or differ by just one depending on whether the total number of sensor nodes excluding the junction node is even or odd. In this method, both the path lengths are made equal or very nearly equal while the total length is minimized. This integrated approach is a novel and unique solution to solve the dual moving sink path problem in a wireless sensor network

Use of the WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve classification to define patterns of hospital antibiotic use (AWaRe): an analysis of paediatric survey data from 56 countries

BACKGROUND: Improving the quality of hospital antibiotic use is a major goal of WHO's global action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance. The WHO Essential Medicines List Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification could facilitate simple stewardship interventions that are widely applicable globally. We aimed to present data on patterns of paediatric AWaRe antibiotic use that could be used for local and national stewardship interventions. METHODS: 1-day point prevalence survey antibiotic prescription data were combined from two independent global networks: the Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing, and Efficacy in Neonates and Children and the Global Point Prevalence Survey on Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance networks. We included hospital inpatients aged younger than 19 years receiving at least one antibiotic on the day of the survey. The WHO AWaRe classification was used to describe overall antibiotic use as assessed by the variation between use of Access, Watch, and Reserve antibiotics, for neonates and children and for the commonest clinical indications. FINDINGS: Of the 23 572 patients included from 56 countries, 18 305 were children (77·7%) and 5267 were neonates (22·3%). Access antibiotic use in children ranged from 7·8% (China) to 61·2% (Slovenia) of all antibiotic prescriptions. The use of Watch antibiotics in children was highest in Iran (77·3%) and lowest in Finland (23·0%). In neonates, Access antibiotic use was highest in Singapore (100·0%) and lowest in China (24·2%). Reserve antibiotic use was low in all countries. Major differences in clinical syndrome-specific patterns of AWaRe antibiotic use in lower respiratory tract infection and neonatal sepsis were observed between WHO regions and countries. INTERPRETATION: There is substantial global variation in the proportion of AWaRe antibiotics used in hospitalised neonates and children. The AWaRe classification could potentially be used as a simple traffic light metric of appropriate antibiotic use. Future efforts should focus on developing and evaluating paediatric antibiotic stewardship programmes on the basis of the AWaRe index. FUNDING: GARPEC was funded by the PENTA Foundation. GARPEC-China data collection was funded by the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen (SZSM2015120330). bioMérieux provided unrestricted funding support for the Global-PPS

Experience of Nepali Indigenous Peoples on Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v11i2.8626 Journal of Forestry and Livelihood Vol.11(2) 2013 82-86</jats:p

Optimization of some additives to improve protease production under SSF

1144-1148<span style="font-size:14.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:black;mso-ansi-language:en-in;mso-fareast-language:en-in;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-IN">In a locally isolated Rhizopus oryzae strain highest-production of protease (388.54/g wheat bran) was observed in presence of Tween-80 and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate individually at 40mg/g wheat bran concentration. Under solid state fermentation biotin (0.0025mg/g wheat bran); Ca2+ (0.05mg/g wheat bran) and 1-Naphthyl acetic acid (0.01mg/g wheat bran) also showed some inducing effect on the synthesis of the enzyme protease by solid state fermentation.</span