Role of Sphingosine Kinase 1 and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Axis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is primarily diagnosed in the latter stages of disease progression and is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Thus, there is a need to find biomarkers of early HCC as well as the development of more effective treatments for the disease. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a pleiotropic lipid signaling molecule produced by two isoforms of sphingosine kinase (SphK1 and SphK2) that is involved in regulation of many aspects of mammalian physiology and pathophysiology, including inflammation, epithelial and endothelial barrier function, cancer, and metastasis, among many others. Abundant evidence indicates that SphK1 and S1P promote cancer progression and metastasis in multiple types of cancers. However, the role of SphK/S1P in HCC is less well studied. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of SphKs and S1P in HCC, including evidence for the correlation of SphK1 expression and S1P levels with progression of HCC and negative outcomes, and discuss how this information could lead to the design of more effective diagnostic and treatment modalities for HCC

Study results of diagnosis of Maedi-visna disease in sheep

In order to detect pathological and histopathological findings of Maedi-Visna disease, pulmonary tissues which had lesions and suspected of the lung disease were collected in slaughterhouses near Ulaanbaatar city, Batsumber soum of Tuv province, Ulziit soum of Dornogobi province. PCR was performed to examine the part of gene of Maedi-Visna virus and pulmonary tissue of one sheep was positive.  Histopathological examination was conducted on lung and by microscopic investigation, interstitial inflammation and inclusion body in cytoplasm of the alveoli epithelium was determined on the sample as some specific findings of Maedi-Visna infection.&#x0D; Хонинд Маеди-висна өвчин оношилсон дүнгээс&#x0D; Маеди-Висна өвчний өөрчлөлтийг хонины уушгинд илрүүлэх зорилгоор Улаанбаатар хот орчмын  мал нядалгааныгазрууд болон Төв аймгийн Батсүмбэр, Дорноговь аймгийн Өлзийт сумаас эмгэгтэй байж болзошгүй хонины уушгины эдийн дээжнүүд цуглуулав. Уушгины эдийн дээжүүдийг Полимеразын гинжин урвал (ПГУ)-аар шинжлэхэд нэг хонины уушгины эдэд тус өвчин үүсгэгчийн өвөрмөц гений хэсэг илэрсэн. Дээжинд хийсэн эмгэг судлал, бичил бүтцийн шинжилгээгээр Маеди-Висна өвчний үед гардаг өвөрмөц өөрчлөлтүүд болох уушгины завсрын эдийн үрэвсэл, цулцангийн ханын хучуур эсэд өвөрмөц оршихуун биенцэр үүссэн болох нь тогтоогдов.&#x0D;  Түлхүүр үг: уушгины эд, үлэмж-, бичил өөрчлөлт, уушгины завсрын эдийн үрэвсэл, оршихуун биенцэр </jats:p