A Survey on Recent Research Areas in Computer Science

Computer science and application is a wide spread area with numerous branches that are evolving day to day. There are lot of research works carried down by the educationalists and scientists on each and every domain of Computer Science. There exists lot of important research areas yet to start research in our country that supports various social, medical and scientific issues. This paper summarizes the current research areas of computer science that are being focused by the researches and the future issues to be taken into account

A Study on Awareness Levels and Adaptation Strategies for Climate Variability among Farmers

Climate change has become a severe threat to the development and communities around the globe are already experiencing the sudden impacts. It is also being assumed that climate change will have significant negative impacts on agricultural productivity .In this respect 120 farmers were interviewed as respondents to explore the climate variability/change awareness and farmers mitigation strategies. This study was conducted in Rangareddy district of Telangana .Three mandals were selected randomly .From each mandal two villages and from each village 20 farmers were selected randomly .Total number of respondents are 120 Findings of the study indicated that farmers\u27 awareness regarding climate variability was very poor they were just having knowledge on behalf of their farming experience. Varied response was seen regarding causes of climate change. In addition, adaptations of mitigation strategies such as natural resource management, water harvesting, crop diversification migration to less weather prone area and USAge of weather resistant varieties were almost negligible. Results showed that out of 15 adaptation strategies, micro irrigation ranked first among farm adaptive measures, while crop insurance has ranked as least utilized. Conservation agriculture could be the most viable strategy. Farmers have to utilize their existing resources in judicious ways. It is suggested on the basis of findings that role of extension field staff should be diversified. Farmers need capacity building regarding conservation agriculture. Moreover, it is dire need to popularize climate change and its adaptation through effective media campaign

Dissociating Sensory and Motor Components of Inhibition of Return

Two explanations for inhibition of return (IOR) have been proposed. The first is that IOR reflects inhibition of attentional processing at previously cued locations, resulting in altered sensory analysis. The second is that IOR reflects the inhibition of responses directed towards those previously cued locations. We used a variant of a double-saccade paradigm to dissociate these two proposed effects of IOR and attempted to reveal both effects within the context of a single experimental task. Subjects viewed a series of exogenous cues and then made a localization response to subsequent targets with either a target-directed saccade or a pointing response. Results were similar for both response modes. An important finding was that the pattern of IOR depended critically on how subjects reacted to the exogenous cues. Subjects either oriented to the cued locations (via saccades or pointing) prior to responding to the target (Respond), or passively viewed the cues before responding (Ignore). In the Respond condition, IOR was observed at the most recently cued position. Although this could be consistent with an altered sensory interpretation, it would also be consistent with a spatiotopic representation. In the Ignore condition, the sole inhibited location was not the most recently cued position, but the first cued position. This finding is surprising and in conflict with previous work with multiple exogenous cues. The data are discussed in relation to a number of prominent issues in the area of IOR and suggest important new constraints and boundary conditions

Clinico mycological study of dermatophytosis

Background: Dermatophytoses is common, more prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries including India. Though not life threatening as it can cause great discomfort particularly in immunosuppressive conditions. It remains a general public health problem, which is prevalent in all age groups and both sexes. Aims: To study clinicomycological profile of patients.Methods: The Cross Sectional study was done on clinically diagnosed cases of Dermatophytosis with sample size of 200 cases for one and half year period.Results: The males to female ratio are 1.86:1. The common age group affected was 31-40years. Dermatophytosis was common in active workers, more common in urban than rural population particularly in low socioeconomic group of people and in summer season. Tinea corporis was the common clinical variant. 133 cases were both KOH and culture positive. The KOH mount was positive in 90% cases. In the present study 144 patients (72%) had positive culture results and 47 cases were KOH positive but culture negative, 11 cases were culture positive but KOH negative and 9 cases were both KOH and culture negative. Microsporum audoinii was isolated in 2%, Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 14%, Trichophyton rubrum in 52% and Trichophyton violaceum in 4%.Conclusions: Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris were the most common clinical types. Tinea corporis was predominantly a disease of adult males whereas Tinea capitis was seen mainly in pre- pubertal age group. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount and cultures were done for all the cases. T. rubrum was the commonest species isolated from most clinical types followed by T. mentagrophytes except T. capitis where T. violaceum was isolated

Data-intensive research in physics: challenges and perspectives

Raman Research Institute (RRI) in recent years has been engaged in data-intensive research. The paper aims to understand the challenges faced by graduate students and their perspectives in data-intensive research at RRI regarding datatypes; collection methods; storage and access; data processing; legal and ethical issues. Questionnaire survey method and information extraction from ETD repository of RRI were used for data collection. Graduate students have expressed their desire for a better technical infrastructure, and need for training courses on different aspects of data related research and acquisition of data processing software. Observations in this study indicate that researchers are not well informed about some of the social issues associated with data and research such as legal aspects, ethical issues, plagiarism, data citation attributions, etc,. The study recommends steps to empower research students to handle the challenges in data-intensive research

Алкогольные виртуальные реальности. Девиртуализация синдрома зависимости от алкоголя

Представлен новый взгляд на синдром зависимости от алкоголя с позиций виртуалистики как на параллельную виртуальную реальность. Подробно освещена рассматриваемая проблема, описан разработанный автором метод лечения алкоголизма ФорсажТМ и показана его высокая эффективность.A new idea about syndrome of alcohol addiction as a parallel virtual reality is presented. The problem is discussed in detail, the original method of treatment of alcoholism Forsazh(tm) is described, its high efficacy is shown

Comparative studies on biomass of Anabaena ambigua grown in an external loop airlift photobioreactor using cross-shaped and circular sparger

126-131An external loop airlift photobioreactor of 5 litre capacity was fabricated with glass as per the design. Blue green algae Anabaena ambigua was cultured in this external loop airlift photobioreactor using cross-shaped and circular sparger. For each type of  sparger different sets of air velocities viz., 1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, 2 m/s, 2.5 m/s and 3 m/s were maintained and, once the culture reached stationary phase, the biomass was estimated by gravimetric method. For cross-shaped sparger maximum biomass was obtained at air velocity of 1.5 m/s and for circular sparger maximum biomass was obtained at air velocity of 2 m/s. Statistical analysis two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007. It was observed that there is a significant change in the biomass formed by changing the air velocity as well as changing the type of sparger. A maximum biomass of 0.809 g/L was obtained using cross-shaped sparger at air velocity of 1.5 m/s

FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF OLANZAPINE LIPOSOME

Objective: Olanzapine (OZ) is a thioeno benzodiazepine class second-generation or atypical antipsychotic that selectively binds to central dopamine D2 and serotonin (5-HT2c) receptors used for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The present paper is aimed at developing an optimized liposome-loaded OZ as an approach for brain targeting through the nasal route for effective therapeutic management of schizophrenia. Methods: The OZ liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method. Various independent variable such as phospholipid, cholesterol and sonication time was optimized by using Design-Expert® Software to obtain the dependent variables of entrapment efficiency, vesicle size and zeta potential. The optimized formulation was predicted based on the response obtained by the point prediction method. Results: The entrapment efficiency of the formulation was range between 72.9 and 85.1 %. The average particle size of all the 15 experimental runs lies between the minimum and maximum values of the size 258.33 to 325.32 nm, respectively. The zeta potential ranges from-27.53 to-11.46 mV. The optimized formulation for characterized for its morphology by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In vitro release studies of OZ-loaded liposomal formulation was carried by dialysis sac method using pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (PBS) as a medium. The maximum release was found to be 98.43±1.2 % up to 24 h. The R2 zero-order kinetics and Korsmeyer-Peppas model was found to be 0.9919 and 0.9664, respectively. The zero-order shows the best-fit model with a highest R2 value exhibiting better correlation and the ‘n’ value was also found to be 0.85; indicating both diffusion-controlled and swelling-controlled drug release that is anomalous transport. Conclusion: The results, clearly states that the prepared formulations justify the parameters and OZ might be a suitable candidate to target the brain through nasal delivery

Production of β‑ionone by combined expression of carotenogenic and plant CCD1 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Background Apocarotenoids, like the C13-norisoprenoids, are natural compounds that contribute to the flavor and/or aroma of flowers and foods. They are produced in aromatic plantslike raspberries and rosesby the enzymatic cleavage of carotenes. Due to their pleasant aroma and flavour, apocarotenoids have high commercial value for the cosmetic and food industry, but currently their production is mainly assured by chemical synthesis. In the present study, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain that synthesizes the apocarotenoid -ionone was constructed by combining integrative vectors and high copy number episomal vectors, in an engineered strain that accumulates FPP. Results Integration of an extra copy of the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene (BTS1), together with the carotenogenic genes crtYB and crtI from the ascomycete Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, resulted in carotenoid producing cells. The additional integration of the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase gene from the plant Petunia hybrida (PhCCD1) let to the production of low amounts of -ionone (0.073 ± 0.01 mg/g DCW) and changed the color of the strain from orange to yellow. The expression of the crtYB gene from a high copy number plasmid in this former strain increased -ionone concentration fivefold (0.34 ± 0.06 mg/g DCW). Additionally, the episomal expression of crtYB together with the PhCCD1 gene in the same vector resulted in a final 8.5-fold increase of -ionone concentration (0.63 ± 0.02 mg/g DCW). Batch fermentations with this strain resulted in a final specific concentration of 1 mg/g DCW at 50 h, which represents a 15-fold increase. Conclusions An efficient -ionone producing yeast platform was constructed by combining integrative and episomal constructs. By combined expression of the genes BTS1, the carotenogenic crtYB, crtI genes and the plant PhCCD1 genethe highest -ionone concentration reported to date by a cell factory was achieved. This microbial cell factory represents a starting point for flavor production by a sustainable and efficient process that could replace current methods.This work was funded by grants COPEC-UC 6C-063 and FONDECYT No 1130822, and the Novo Nordisk Foundation