Copilot Pro®: A full method for a steering of the machining.

International audienceCopilot Pro® is a method for the initial and regular machine-tools setup, developed by the Symme laboratory of the Savoy University and by the Technical Center of Industries of Screw-machining (Ctdec) in France. Its first step is the organization of the different machining operations, in setup steps, themselves subdivided into measuring steps. The second step consists in determining the manufacturing dimensions to measure at the end of each measuring step. Finally, the third step consists in linking the manufacturing dimensions to both the correctors and the tool-dimensions, in the aim of calculating the corrections that have to be done in function of the deviations measured on the manufacturing dimensions. With this method, the steering of an industrial workpiece is performed with two steering parts instead of ten before

A Proposal for a Methodology of Technical Creativity Mixing TRIZ and Additive Manufacturing

The industry has quickly realized the importance of bringing creativity into product design. The industrial context requires robust and efficient methods and tools to access untapped sources of ideas. Furthermore, Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers a large potential of creativity for product design. This potential is particularly significant at the level of Intermediate Objects. Previous works have demonstrated the interest of AM Intermediate Objects (Rias, 2017) in creativity phases. This new manufacturing process is revolutionizing the value chain associated with product design, from the ideation to the industrialization. The purpose of this paper is to describe the bases for proposing a methodology of technical creativity based on TRIZ and Additive Manufacturing.This research was carried out as part of project CREAM (CREativity in Additive Manufacturing), funded by the National Research Agency (project ANR-18-CE10-0010) in France

Effects of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases on left ventricular structure and function: a study protocol

BACKGROUND: Experimental evidences suggest an increased collagen deposition in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, large amounts of collagen type I, III and V have been described and correlated to the development of intestinal fibrotic lesions. No information has been available until now about the possible increased collagen deposition far from the main target organ. In the hypothesis that chronic inflammation and increased collagen metabolism are reflected also in the systemic circulation, we aimed this study to evaluate the effects on left ventricular wall structure by assessing splancnic and systemic collagen metabolism (procollagen III assay), deposition (ultrasonic tissue characterization), and cardiac function (echocardiography) in patients with different long standing history of IBD, before and after surgery. METHODS: Thirty patients affected by active IBD, 15 with Crohn and 15 with Ulcerative Colitis, submitted to surgery will be enrolled in the study in a double blind fashion. They will be studied before the surgical operation and 6, 12 months after surgery. A control group of 15 healthy age and gender-matched subjects will also be studied. At each interval blood samples will be collected in order to assess the collagen metabolism; a transthoracic echocardiogram will be recorded for the subsequent determination of cardiac function and collagen deposition. DISCUSSION: From this study protocol we expect additional information about the association between IBD and cardiovascular disorders; in particular to address the question if chronic inflammation, through the altered collagen metabolism, could affect left ventricular structure and function in a manner directly related to the estimated duration of the disease

Expression of the Na(+)/l(- )symporter (NIS) is markedly decreased or absent in gastric cancer and intestinal metaplastic mucosa of Barrett esophagus

BACKGROUND: The sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide (I(-)) transport in the thyroid, lactating breast, salivary glands, and stomach. Whereas NIS expression and regulation have been extensively investigated in healthy and neoplastic thyroid and breast tissues, little is known about NIS expression and function along the healthy and diseased gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: Thus, we investigated NIS expression by immunohistochemical analysis in 155 gastrointestinal tissue samples and by immunoblot analysis in 17 gastric tumors from 83 patients. RESULTS: Regarding the healthy Gl tract, we observed NIS expression exclusively in the basolateral region of the gastric mucin-producing epithelial cells. In gastritis, positive NIS staining was observed in these cells both in the presence and absence of Helicobacter pylori. Significantly, NIS expression was absent in gastric cancer, independently of its histological type. Only focal faint NIS expression was detected in the direct vicinity of gastric tumors, i.e., in the histologically intact mucosa, the expression becoming gradually stronger and linear farther away from the tumor. Barrett mucosa with junctional and fundic-type columnar metaplasia displayed positive NIS staining, whereas Barrett mucosa with intestinal metaplasia was negative. NIS staining was also absent in intestinalized gastric polyps. CONCLUSION: That NIS expression is markedly decreased or absent in case of intestinalization or malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa suggests that NIS may prove to be a significant tumor marker in the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric malignancies and also precancerous lesions such as Barrett mucosa, thus extending the medical significance of NIS beyond thyroid disease

Identification on Some Design Key Parameters for Additive Manufacturing: Application on Electron Beam Melting

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) consists in building parts from scratch, usually by stacking layers onto one another. Mostly used for rapid prototyping purposes, several AM processes can use metallic alloys which makes the rapid manufacture of end-use parts possible. Many researches are conducted to improve the manufacturing rate, to assess the environmental impact or to study the mechanical properties of test parts manufactured by such processes. In spite of the large number of studies, there is yet to be a designing methodology to take advantage of these processes. The formalization of the manufacturing capabilities and manufacturing constraints that these processes have has especially hardly been conducted.In this paper we investigate the manufacturing constraints of the Electron Beam Melting process, a metallic additive manufacturing process in order to issue recommendations to the designers. We will review the principle of Electron Beam Melting and look at the manufacturing capabilities designers are offered. Then we will focus on some key manufacturing constraints, the powder removing and the necessity of supporting structures. At last, we will give some recommendations regarding these two topics to take advantage of this process from the designing stage of a part

Designing for Additive Manufacturing

AbstractAdditive manufacturing technologies can now be used to manufacture metallic parts. This breakthrough in manufacturing technology makes possible the fabrication of new shapes and geometrical features. Although the manufacturing feasibility of sample parts with these processes has been the subject of several studies, the breakthrough in manufacturing is yet to be followed by a breakthrough in designing process. In this paper, after reviewing the principle of additive manufacturing of metallic parts, the manufacturing capabilities and constraints of these processes will be examined. A designing methodology will then be suggested and illustrated with the redesign of an example part

Copilot Pro® : Une méthode complète pour le pilotage des usinages

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