Noise Level Notifier

This paper involves utilizing an Arduino Uno as the primary hardware to measure the sound level in a library. The amount of noise in the region is measured using a sound sensor. The sound sensor signals are amplified using the operational amplifier function of the integrated circuit LM 567. There are two types of output available: audio and visual. The audio output takes the form of a personalized message that is played over speakers. LEDs are employed to offer visual feedback, with white LEDs used in noise-free environments (sound level 45 dB, yellow LEDs used when sound levels are above 65 decibels, and red LEDs used when sound levels are significantly above 80 decibels). A TIP 220 transistor is used to amplify the signals. A TIP 220 transistor amplifies the signals to create an output for the speaker. There is an audio message that corresponds to each sound level

Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract: a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

Background: To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and gray literature from 2000 to 2020 was carried out to estimate global and regional trends. We developed prevalence estimates based on modeled distance visual impairment and blindness due to cataract, producing location-, year-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI presenting visual acuity &lt;6/18, ≥3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity &lt;3/60). Estimates are age-standardized using the GBD standard population. Results: In 2020, among overall (all ages) 43.3 million blind and 295 million with MSVI, 17.0 million (39.6%) people were blind and 83.5 million (28.3%) had MSVI due to cataract blind 60% female, MSVI 59% female. From 1990 to 2020, the count of persons blind (MSVI) due to cataract increased by 29.7%(93.1%) whereas the age-standardized global prevalence of cataract-related blindness improved by −27.5% and MSVI increased by 7.2%. The contribution of cataract to the age-standardized prevalence of blindness exceeded the global figure only in South Asia (62.9%) and Southeast Asia and Oceania (47.9%). Conclusions: The number of people blind and with MSVI due to cataract has risen over the past 30 years, despite a decrease in the age-standardized prevalence of cataract. This indicates that cataract treatment programs have been beneficial, but population growth and aging have outpaced their impact. Growing numbers of cataract blind indicate that more, better-directed, resources are needed to increase global capacity for cataract surgery.</p

Global estimates on the number of people blind or visually impaired by cataract : a meta-analysis from 2000 to 2020

DATA AVAILABILITY : Data sources for the Global Vision Database are listed at the following weblink http://www.anglia.ac.uk/verigbd. Fully disaggregated data is not available publicly due to data sharing agreements with some principal investigators yet requests for summary data can be made to the corresponding author.CHANGE HISTORY 16 July 2024 : A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-024-03161-7.BACKGROUND : To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. METHODS : A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and gray literature from 2000 to 2020 was carried out to estimate global and regional trends. We developed prevalence estimates based on modeled distance visual impairment and blindness due to cataract, producing location-, year-, age-, and sex-specific estimates of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI presenting visual acuity <6/18, ≥3/60) and blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60). Estimates are age-standardized using the GBD standard population. RESULTS : In 2020, among overall (all ages) 43.3 million blind and 295 million with MSVI, 17.0 million (39.6%) people were blind and 83.5 million (28.3%) had MSVI due to cataract blind 60% female, MSVI 59% female. From 1990 to 2020, the count of persons blind (MSVI) due to cataract increased by 29.7%(93.1%) whereas the age-standardized global prevalence of cataract-related blindness improved by −27.5% and MSVI increased by 7.2%. The contribution of cataract to the age-standardized prevalence of blindness exceeded the global figure only in South Asia (62.9%) and Southeast Asia and Oceania (47.9%). CONCLUSIONS : The number of people blind and with MSVI due to cataract has risen over the past 30 years, despite a decrease in the age-standardized prevalence of cataract. This indicates that cataract treatment programs have been beneficial, but population growth and aging have outpaced their impact. Growing numbers of cataract blind indicate that more, better-directed, resources are needed to increase global capacity for cataract surgery.Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Thea, Fred Hollows Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Lions Clubs International Foundation (LCIF), Sightsavers International, and University of Heidelberg. Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions.https://www.nature.com/eyehj2024School of Health Systems and Public Health (SHSPH)SDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Ten golden rules for optimal antibiotic use in hospital settings: the WARNING call to action

Antibiotics are recognized widely for their benefits when used appropriately. However, they are often used inappropriately despite the importance of responsible use within good clinical practice. Effective antibiotic treatment is an essential component of universal healthcare, and it is a global responsibility to ensure appropriate use. Currently, pharmaceutical companies have little incentive to develop new antibiotics due to scientific, regulatory, and financial barriers, further emphasizing the importance of appropriate antibiotic use. To address this issue, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery established an international multidisciplinary task force of 295 experts from 115 countries with different backgrounds. The task force developed a position statement called WARNING (Worldwide Antimicrobial Resistance National/International Network Group) aimed at raising awareness of antimicrobial resistance and improving antibiotic prescribing practices worldwide. The statement outlined is 10 axioms, or “golden rules,” for the appropriate use of antibiotics that all healthcare workers should consistently adhere in clinical practice

Experimental Investigation of Tribological Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy Based Metal Matrix Composites

Metal Matrix Composites are a class of advanced composites with graded properties that bring a new concept in material design and are widely used in the aerospace and automotive industry. These materials have the properties of both the matrix as well as the reinforcement materials. They are known to have little residual and thermal stress. This concept imparts improved adhesive bonding strength between metals and ceramics. Aluminium alloy with silicon carbide is applicable where hardness and toughness are the requirements. Metal Matrix Composites are designed in order to have the combined properties of both metals and ceramics. The specimens are fabricated for various proportions of the materials. In the fabrication of these materials, begins with Aluminium alloy and Silicon carbide. The specimen is subjected to different mechanical tests, and the experimental result is the pure aluminium undergoes more wear when compared to the reinforced specimen.</jats:p

Noise Level Notifier

This paper involves utilizing an Arduino Uno as the primary hardware to measure the sound level in a library. The amount of noise in the region is measured using a sound sensor. The sound sensor signals are amplified using the operational amplifier function of the integrated circuit LM 567. There are two types of output available: audio and visual. The audio output takes the form of a personalized message that is played over speakers. LEDs are employed to offer visual feedback, with white LEDs used in noise-free environments (sound level 45 dB, yellow LEDs used when sound levels are above 65 decibels, and red LEDs used when sound levels are significantly above 80 decibels). A TIP 220 transistor is used to amplify the signals. A TIP 220 transistor amplifies the signals to create an output for the speaker. There is an audio message that corresponds to each sound level