Economic Aspects and Factors of Educational and Labor Migration of Kazakhstan Youth Abroad

The outflow of young people from the country for education and employment abroad is one of the most acute socio-economic problems for Kazakhstan. Taking into account the international competition in education and the imperfection of the labor market in the country, stopping the emigration of young people in the near future seems to be a difficult task.   The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the economic aspects and factors of educational and labor migration of Kazakh youth abroad. Today, young people of Kazakhstan travel to almost all regions and countries of the world. Youth migration has both positive and negative aspects. There were developed 3 types of online questionnaires for particular categories of respondents: 1) graduates of secondary education (27 questions), 2) graduates of bachelor’s degree (27 questions), 3) young people working and living abroad (23 questions). SPSS Software was used for data analysis. The positive consequences include raising the level of qualifications and knowledge of young people, exploring new opportunities for self-realization. However, an urgent problem is a fact that the educational and labor migration of young people turns into permanent or non-return migration. The analysis allowed us to identify the dominant factors of «attraction-pushing», which have been studied and are considered as determining the migration movement of young people abroad. The combination of attracting and pushing factors influencing the migration decisions of young people can be very complex and diverse, however, in most cases, the main factors are economic, social, and demographic factors of migration

Internal Migration of Youth in Megacities as a Factor Influencing the Migration of Youth Abroad (on the Example of Almaty)

Internal migration is a transitional moment for young people to migrate abroad. This article aims to study city infrastructure as a factor influencing the internal migration of young people to big cities. This is one of the country’s problems because it results in a «brain drain» abroad. There is a need to consider these factors. The study examines young people involved in internal migration who arrived in Almaty, aged 14 - 29. The methodology of this study is based on the method of Everett S. Lee. It analyzes factors influencing the internal migration of young people to cities with a population of one million. The article discusses objective factors that constrain or stimulate the migration process between regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. These factors include the number of universities and colleges, the number of employers, medical and entertainment institutions, etc. These indicators were grouped into four factors: education, health care, entertainment and employment. For data analysis and processing, generalization and systematization methods were used. Data for factor estimation was obtained from the National Bureau of Statistics and other official sources for the period 2014 - 2021. Correlation-regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS program to determine the relationship between internal migration and city infrastructure indicators. Results obtained showed a significant relationship between the internal migration of young people and educational and health organizations. Education is seen as one of the main factors in the internal and external migration of young people. Therefore, the development of higher education and employment rates is essential to prevent brain drain

Transdisciplinary approach as a resource to develop student metacognitive skills in studying physical and engineering disciplines

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of the actual problem in applying a transdisciplinary approach as a modern educational resource that contributes to improving the efficiency and productivity of students’ learning outcomes based on increasing their cognitive activity, due to the purpose of forming metacognitive skills in the educational process. Aim. The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of the transdisciplinary approach to the creation of integrated didactic content of physical and engineering disciplines as a didactic resource to develop engineering thinking in students through the formation of metacognitive skills. Methodology and research methods. The authors’ concept of the study is to actualise the transdisciplinary principle for the mobilisation and disclosure of the possibilities of the content and technologies of integrated study of physical, mathematical and general engineering disciplines for the formation of students’ meta-skills At the same time, the authors assumed that engineering meta-skills are a special type of integrated skills and an integral personal characteristic of an engineer, allowing him/her to more effectively carry out professional activities in the conditions of rapid development of new technologies, when it is not the increase and updating of knowledge, but the desire to manage, comprehend cognitive potential based on mobile transdisciplinary knowledge and systems that are actualised special “meta”, “hard” and “soft” skills. The ascertaining and forming stages of the pedagogical experiment were carried out. At the ascertaining stage of the experiment, in order to assess the level of formation of engineering thinking among students, an optimal list of basic criteria was developed as a criterion-diagnostic apparatus, in which the measured variable is the completeness and level of evaluation of educational achievements obtained by students when performing a system of transdisciplinary constructivist case tasks. At the formative stage of the experiment with the participation of 316 students of different years of study at Toraighyrov University, an assessment of the effectiveness of the application of transdisciplinary content of general engineering disciplines was carried out in two stages. Results. The results of the pedagogical experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the transdisciplinary approach to the development of integrated didactic content of general engineering and physical-mathematical disciplines. In the experimental group, in the level of formation of engineering meta-skills among students, the greatest difference was observed between the indicators of formation of thinking components related to engineering and design (18 %) and cognitive (64 %) aspects. The transdisciplinary approach has less influence on the instrumental aspect of solving engineering problems, which proves that both traditional and transdisciplinary training are primarily aimed at the formation of instrumental skills. As a result of experimental teaching, future engineers have increased cognitive motivational awareness in the process of solving engineering problems. Scientific novelty. The integrated didactic content of general engineering disciplines was developed on the basis of the transdisplinary principle; additions were made in the form of constructivist case studies that contribute to the development of students’ metacognitive skills applied with other skills when solving engineering problems; and the cognitive structure and content of the concept of “engineering thinking” were concretised. Practical significance. The developed case-workshop of tasks to be used in experimental training is quite variable and can be applied in the practical line of any integrated physical and engineering discipline.Введение. В статье представлены результаты исследования актуальной проблемы применения трансдисциплинарного подхода, как современного образовательного ресурса, способствующего повышению эффективности и продуктивности результатов обучения студентов на основе повышения их когнитивной активности, обусловленных целью формирования в учебном процессе метакогнитивных навыков. Цель исследования заключается в оценке эффективности применения трансдисциплинарного подхода к созданию интегрированного дидактического контента физико-технических дисциплин, как дидактического ресурса для развития у студентов инженерно-технического мышления через формирование метакогнитивных навыков. Методология, методы и методика. Авторская концепция исследования заключается в актуализации трансдисциплинарного принципа для мобилизации и раскрытия возможностей содержания и технологий интегрированного изучения физико-математических и общетехнических дисциплин для формирования у студентов метанавыков. При этом мы предполагали, что инженерно-технические метанавыки – это особый тип интегрированных навыков и неотъемлемая личностная характеристика инженера, позволяющая ему более эффективно осуществлять профессиональную деятельность в условиях стремительного развития новых технологий, когда актуализируется не наращивание и обновление объема знаний, а стремление к управлению, осмыслению когнитивного потенциала на основе мобильных трансдисциплинарных знаний и системы специальных «мета», «hard» и «soft» навыков. Были проведены констатирующий и формирующий этапы педагогического эксперимента. На констатирующем этапе эксперимента для оценки уровня сформированности инженерно-технического мышления у студентов, был разработан, в качестве критериально-диагностического аппарата, оптимальный перечень базовых критериев, в котором измеряемой переменной служит полнота и уровень оценки учебных достижений, полученных студентами при выполнении системы трансдисциплинарных конструктивистских кейс-заданий. На формирующем этапе эксперимента с участием 316 студентов разных лет обучения «Toraighyrov University» в два этапа выполнена оценка эффективности применения трансдисциплинарного контента общетехнических дисциплин. Результаты. Результаты педагогического эксперимента подтвердили эффективность применения трансдисциплинарного подхода к разработке интегрированного дидактического контента общетехнических и физико-математических дисциплин. В экспериментальной группе в уровне сформированности инженерно-технических метанавыков у студентов, наибольшая разница наблюдалась между показателями сформированности компонентов мышления, касающихся инженерно-конструкторского (18 %) и когнитивного (64 %) аспектов. Меньшее влияние трансдисциплинарный подход оказывает на инструментальный аспект решения технических задач, это доказывает, что, и традиционное, и трансдисциплинарное обучение, прежде всего, нацелены на формирование инструментальных навыков. В результате экспериментального преподавания у будущих инженеров повысилась когнитивная мотивационная осмысленность в процессе решения технических задач. Научная новизна. Разработан на основе трансдисплинарного принципа интегрированный дидактический контент общетехнических дисциплин, внесены дополнения, в виде конструктивистских кейс-заданий, способствующих развитию метакогнитивных навыков студентов, применяемых, вместе с другими навыками, при решении технических задач, конкретизированы когнитивная структура и содержание понятия «инженерно-техническое мышление». Практическая значимость. Созданный для применения в экспериментальном обучении кейс-практикум заданий достаточно вариативен и может применяться в практической линии любой интегрированной физико-технической дисциплины

Polyfunctional Anion Exchangers on the Basis of Allyl Compounds, Glyсydilic Ethers of Dioxybenzenes and Some Di- and Polyamines

Scientific basis for preparation of new carbon-mineral adsorbents, supports, highly selective catalysts, and composite materials synthesized by a carbide cycle mechanism on the finely disperse particles of the iron subgroup metals, their alloys with some other metals is discussed. It was found that the carbide cycle mechanism involves the chemical and physical steps. The regularities of the process performance on the both stages are considered. Graphite filaments may be formed of graphite layers with either coaxial-cylindrical, coaxial-conic or stack orientations in the filament body. A number of primary and secondary properties of the graphite aggregates is being discussed. We have developed the methods for control the synthesis of carbon-mineral materials of the specified properties by varying the parameters of the metal particles, the nature of hydrocarbon decomposition, and the process mode

Methods for increasing food value of flour confectionery goods

The article examined the use of composite flour in the production of flour confectionery. With the addition of flour of composite mixtures to sugar cookies, protein content increases on average by 4.5%, fat by 17.2%, calcium by 13%, magnesium by 40.4%, and the amount of carbohydrates decreases by 4.33% and energy 24 kcal value compared to control. Due to the essential amino acids, vitamins, microelements and other useful substances contained in chickpea and oats, the sugar cookies obtained from composite mixtures can be recommended for therapeutic and preventive nutrition, which will expand the range of functional confectionery products

ADDRESSING THE GROWING BURDEN OF NCDS: RETURN TO ALMA-ATA AND PRIMARY HEALTHCARE APPROACH

Last year was the 40th anniversary of the Declaration of Alma-Ata. The conference organized by WHO and the United Nations Children’s Fund proclaimed the ambitious goal - Health for All by the Year of 2000 and introduced the Primary Health Care approach that was considered as the means to achieve the goal. At the same time, some authors think that the main Alma-Ata deficiency was the fault to clearly define the difference between primary medical care and PHC approach, which involves universal coverage, inter-sectoral collaboration, community-based curative and preventive services. This short report discusses the excessive alcohol consumption and its dynamics throughout years in Kazakhstan and other post USSR countries, linking it to high rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) within these countries. It also emphasizes the importance of intersectoral approach in tackling excessive alcohol consumption that may well lead to an improved management of NCDs

Optimal methods of obtaining gluten and starch from wheat and their use

For the rational and effective use of wheat grain grown in the country, the article presents overview materials and statistics on the use of products of deep processing of wheat grain in Kazakhstan. Data on the main technologies for obtaining gluten and starch are also presented, raw materials are selected, and its technological properties are determined. To establish production, optimal parameters for obtaining starch and gluten were developed and data on their use were presented

Method for producing whole grain product from buckwheat and lentils

The article presents data on the biochemical composition of cereals and legumes, on the basis of which 2 types of grain were selected: buckwheat and lentils. Experimental samples of whole-grain flour from buckwheat and lentil grains with an optimal ratio of starch, fiber, protein, and fat with a grinding size of 400-600 microns are obtained. the recommended technological scheme for processing buckwheat and lentil grains into whole-ground flour is presented

Production technology gluten-free bread and the national flour product-beshbarmak dough

The article presents data on the selection and biochemical composition of flour from cereals and legumes that do not contain gluten for the production of gluten-free bread and national flour product. The novelty of research is to study the effect of food additives and improvers on the quality of gluten-free products developed. For the practical application of the proposed formulation gluten free bread and dough for beshbarmak