Different protocols to produce artificial dentine carious lesions in vitro and in situ: hardness and mineral content correlation

This study compared dentine demineralization induced by in vitro and in situ models, and correlated dentine surface hardness (SH), cross-sectional hardness (CSH) and mineral content by transverse microradiography (TMR). Bovine dentine specimens (n = 15/group) were demineralized in vitro with the following: MC gel (6% carboxymethylcellulose gel and 0.1 M lactic acid, pH 5.0, 14 days); buffer I (0.05 M acetic acid solution with calcium, phosphate and fluoride, pH 4.5, 7 days); buffer II (0.05 M acetic acid solution with calcium and phosphate, pH 5.0, 7 days), and TEMDP (0.05 M lactic acid with calcium, phosphate and tetraethyl methyl diphosphonate, pH 5.0, 7 days). In an in situ study, 11 volunteers wore palatal appliances containing 2 bovine dentine specimens, protected with a plastic mesh to allow biofilm development. The volunteers dripped a 20% sucrose solution on each specimen 4 times a day for 14 days. In vitro and in situ lesions were analyzed using TMR and statistically compared by ANOVA. TMR and CSH/SH were submitted to regression and correlation analysis (p < 0.05). The in situ model produced a deep lesion with a high R value, but with a thin surface layer. Regarding the in vitro models, MC gel produced only a shallow lesion, while buffers I and II as well as TEMDP induced a pronounced subsurface lesion with deep demineralization. The relationship between CSH and TMR was weak and not linear. The artificial dentine carious lesions induced by the different models differed significantly, which in turn might influence further de- and remineralization processes. Hardness analysis should not be interpreted with respect to dentine mineral loss

Degradabilidade in situ da silagem de quatro genótipos de sorgo com e sem tanino: I - Matéria seca e proteína bruta In situ degradability of four sorgum silages with or without tannin: I - Dry mater and crude protein

Avaliaram-se a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (MS) e da proteína bruta (PB) da silagem de quatro genótipos de sorgo, dois com tanino (CMS XS 210 e BR 701) e dois sem tanino (CMS XS 214 e BR007) em um delineamento de blocos inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições (animais), em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas. Os genótipos constituíram as parcelas e os tempos de digestão as subparcelas. O genótipo CMS XS 210 apresentou menor degradabilidade da MS em relação aos demais e os genótipos que continham tanino (CMS XS 210 e BR 701) apresentaram menores degradabilidades da PB em relação aos que não o continham.<br>The in situ procedure was used to evaluate the disappearance of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of four sorghum genotypes with (CMS XS 210 and BR 701) or without (CMS XS 214 and BR 007) tannin in a completely randomized block design experiment with three replicates (animals), in a split plot arrangement. The four genotypes were allotted to the plots and the time of disappearance to the split plot. The DM of CMS XS210 was less degraded when compared to the others and sorghums with tannin showed lower CP degradability when compared to the sorghums without tannin