Methods for Masonry Rehabilitation against Ground Moisture

Bakalářská práce se zabývá problematikou nadbytečné vlhkosti ve zdivu a její sanace. Postupně popisuje druhy vlhkosti, její transport, příčiny a zdroje zvýšené vlhkosti zdiva. Dále popisuje způsoby měření vlhkosti ve zdivu, její negativní účinky a v neposlední řadě také metody sanace vlhkého zdiva. Tyto poznatky jsou následně aplikovány v druhé části práce, která se týká porovnání a vyhodnocení použitelnosti metod sanace z různých hledisek na čtyřech modelových případech objektů, přičemž se jedná o nepodsklepené a suterénní varianty objektu v zástavbě a objektu samostatně stojícím.This thesis deals with the issue of excess moisture in the masonry and its rehabilitation. Gradually describes the types of moisture, the transport, the causes and sources of increased moisture in the masonry. It also describes methods for measuring the moisture in the masonry, its negative effects and methods for masonry rehabilitation against ground moisture. These findings are then applied in the second part, which concerns the comparison and evaluation of application methods of rehabilitation from different perspectives to four model cases of objects being the no cellars and basement variants of the object in the construction and the standalone object

Technological differences analysis between laser cutting and punching machine

Tato práce se zabývá metodami dělení materiálu. Její hlavní část je o metodách řezání laserovým paprskem a vysekávání. Tyto dvě metody patří k nejprogresivnějším metodám ve svých oborech, tedy nekonvenční technologie a konvenční technologie. Cílem této práce je porovnat tyto dvě technologie z hlediska nákladovosti a jakosti řezné plochy. Z důvodu porovnání nákladovosti je v této práci metodika vypočtení hodinové nákladové sazby. Výroba vzorků pro tuto práci probíhala ve firmě DIOSS NÝŘANY a.s. Po porovnání byly určeny výhody a nevýhody těchto dvou metod dělení materiálu. Konec práce je věnován dalším možnostem dělení materiálu, a to řezání plazmou a řezání vodním paprskem. Obě tyto metody jsou nekonvenční a v této práci jsou uvedeny jejich výhody a nevýhody.This work deals with the methods of cutting. Its main part is about the methods of laser cutting and punching. These two methods are among the most progressive methods in their field, thus unconventional technologies and conventional technologies. The aim of this study is to compare the two technologies in terms of cost and quality of the cutting surface. For the sake of comparison, cost in this work is the methodology of calculating the hourly cost rates. Production samples for this work were carried out in the company DIOSS NÝŘANY a.s. After comparison, we identified the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods of cutting. I conclude my work by pointing out further possibilities of material cutting, namely plasma cutting and water jet cutting. Both of these methods are unconventional and in this work I will outline their advantages and disadvantages

Construction technology design of residental building in Jičín

Diplomová práce se zabývá tvorbou stavebně technologického projektu bytového domu v Jičíně. Postupně řeší prostorovou, technologickou a časovou strukturu plánu výstavby pro předanou projektovou dokumentaci, která byla posouzena z hlediska správnosti a úplnosti. Řešením již zmíněných struktur vzniká technologické schéma postupu výstavby, rozbor dopravních procesů, návrh zdvihacího prostředku, technologický rozbor, plány a harmonogramy z hlediska bezpečnosti a ochrany zdraví při práci, životního prostředí, kontrol a zkoušek kvality. Součástí řešení časové struktury jsou harmonogram výstavby, časoprostorové grafy a grafy nasazení zdrojů v čase. Dále je zpracován návrh zařízení staveniště pro dvě fáze výstavby a technologické postupy pro dva stavební procesy.The diploma thesis deals with creation of a construction technology design of residental building in Jičín. It gradually solves the spatial, technological and time structure of the construction plan for the submitted project documentation, which has been assessed in terms of accuracy and completeness. By solving the structures mentioned above, a technological scheme of the construction process, analysis of transport processes, lifting device design, technological analysis, plans and timetables from the point of view of health and safety at work, the environment, inspections and quality tests are created. Part of the time structure solution is the construction schedule, space-time graphs, and graphs of resource deployment over time. In addition, the design of construction site equipment for two phases of construction and technological procedure for two building processes is elaborated

Major Mammary Pathogens as Contributors to Total Bacterial Counts in Raw Milk

The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of major mammary pathogens, as well as of coliform and Gram-negative non-coliform bacteria to standard plate counts (SPCs) of bulk tank milk samples (BTMSs). Randomly selected anonymous BTMSs were collected from 268 dairy herds (with approximately 29,000 cows) in the Czech Republic during 2007. The most frequently detected pathogens were found to be E. faecalis (16.1%; geometric mean 9.8 × 102 CFU/ml) and S. uberis (13.6%; 9.0 × 102 CFU/ml). Highly significant positive correlations (P E. faecalis and S. dysgalactiae, as were significant correlations (P S. uberis, E. faecium, and S. aureus. Highly significant positive correlations (P 4 CFU/ml for environmental; 7.4 × 104 CFU/ml for contagious pathogens) exceed significantly (P 4 CFU/ml). This study revealed that the major mammary pathogens contribute significantly to SPCs of BTMSs

Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Waste Bread before Fermentation

Finding of optimal hydrolysis conditions is important for increasing the yield of saccharides. The higher yield of saccharides is usable for increase of the following fermentation effectivity. In this study optimal conditions (pH and temperature) for amylolytic enzymes were searched. As raw material was used waste bread. Two analytical methods for analysis were used. Efficiency and process of hydrolysis was analysed spectrophotometrically by Somogyi-Nelson method. Final yields of glucose were analysed by HPLC. As raw material was used waste bread from local cafe. Waste bread was pretreated by grinding into small particles. Hydrolysis was performed in 100 mL of 15 % (w/v) waste bread particles in the form of water suspension. Waste bread was hydrolysed by two commercial enzymes. For the liquefaction was used amylase (BAN 240 L). The saccharification was performed by glucoamylase (AMG 300 L). Optimal conditions for amylase (pH 6; 80 °C) were found. The yield of total sugars was 67.08 gL-1 (calculated to maltose). As optimal conditions for glucoamylase (pH 4.2; 60 °C) were found. Amount of glucose was 70.28 gL1. The time of waste bread liquefaction was 180 minutes. The time of saccharification was 90 minutes. The results were presented at the conference CECE Junior 2014

Application of the GIS methods along with measured parameters to identify the NH4+ origin in the Hranice Karst (Czech Republic)

The study aims to determine the source of NH4+ ions in the mineral waters of the Hranice Karst. The study area is located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic, Europe. The area is known mainly for its carbon dioxide of deep origin; the gas was the factor that enabled the formation of hypogene karst, in the Palaeozoic limestones, as well as warm mineral waters. The limestones of the area are covered by Neogene (Miocene) sediments of variable thickness and lithology. Recurrent sampling was done at 36 sites. A total of 96 surface water samples, 65 borehole water samples and 96 karst water samples were assessed. Major anions, cations and the content of nitrogen and its forms were determined for all water samples. The soil types were characterised by a field pedological survey. The normalised difference vegetation index was calculated in QGIS and vegetation vitality was evaluated. Since places with remarkably low vegetation index were found to be linked to the occurrence of Miocene sandstones, they represent points of rather fast entry of rainwater into the ground. As the presence of carbon dioxide creates an anoxic setting underground, the entering nitrates are transformed into NH4+ ions. This mechanism of transformation within the nitrogen cycle explains the presence of NH4+ ions in areas with elevated CO2.OA-hybri

Solid-phase microextraction for analysis of mould cheese aroma

Solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography was used for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds in Niva cheese. The extraction conditions were very mild, which minimises thermal, mechanical, or chemical modification of the sample; the method is rapid, simple, and cheap. In total, 54 compounds were identified in Niva cheese using this method: 3 hydrocarbons, 5 aldehydes, 11 ketones, 18 alcohols, 3 esters, 10 fatty acids, and 4 sulphur compounds. These aroma compounds were quantified and subsequently the changes in the concentrations of them were studied throughout the ripening period. Most of the volatile compounds identified were present at all stages of the cheese ripening, their amounts changing significantly, however, in most cases the final concentration in the ripe cheeses was similar to the initial concentration in the unripe cheese