Inequalities for dealing with detector inefficiencies in Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger-type experiments

In this article we show that the three-particle GHZ theorem can be reformulated in terms of inequalities, allowing imperfect correlations due to detector inefficiencies. We show quantitatively that taking into accout those inefficiencies, the published results of the Innsbruck experiment support the nonexistence of local hidden variables that explain the experimental result.Comment: LaTeX2e, 9 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

The GREATS Hβ\beta+[OIII] Luminosity Function and Galaxy Properties at z∼8\mathbf{z\sim8}: Walking the Way of JWST

The James Webb Space Telescope will allow to spectroscopically study an unprecedented number of galaxies deep into the reionization era, notably by detecting [OIII] and H$\beta$ nebular emission lines. To efficiently prepare such observations, we photometrically select a large sample of galaxies at $z\sim8$ and study their rest-frame optical emission lines. Combining data from the GOODS Re-ionization Era wide-Area Treasury from Spitzer (GREATS) survey and from HST, we perform spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting, using synthetic SEDs from a large grid of photoionization models. The deep Spitzer/IRAC data combined with our models exploring a large parameter space enables to constrain the [OIII]+H$\beta$ fluxes and equivalent widths for our sample, as well as the average physical properties of $z\sim8$ galaxies, such as the ionizing photon production efficiency with $\log(\xi_\mathrm{ion}/\mathrm{erg}^{-1}\hspace{1mm}\mathrm{Hz})\geq25.77$. We find a relatively tight correlation between the [OIII]+H$\beta$ and UV luminosity, which we use to derive for the first time the [OIII]+H$\beta$ luminosity function (LF) at $z\sim8$. The $z\sim8$ [OIII]+H$\beta$ LF is higher at all luminosities compared to lower redshift, as opposed to the UV LF, due to an increase of the [OIII]+H$\beta$ luminosity at a given UV luminosity from $z\sim3$ to $z\sim8$. Finally, using the [OIII]+H$\beta$ LF, we make predictions for JWST/NIRSpec number counts of $z\sim8$ galaxies. We find that the current wide-area extragalactic legacy fields are too shallow to use JWST at maximal efficiency for $z\sim8$ spectroscopy even at 1hr depth and JWST pre-imaging to $\gtrsim30$ mag will be required.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Approaching equilibrium and the distribution of clusters

We investigate the approach to stable and metastable equilibrium in Ising models using a cluster representation. The distribution of nucleation times is determined using the Metropolis algorithm and the corresponding $\phi^{4}$ model using Langevin dynamics. We find that the nucleation rate is suppressed at early times even after global variables such as the magnetization and energy have apparently reached their time independent values. The mean number of clusters whose size is comparable to the size of the nucleating droplet becomes time independent at about the same time that the nucleation rate reaches its constant value. We also find subtle structural differences between the nucleating droplets formed before and after apparent metastable equilibrium has been established.Comment: 22 pages, 16 figure

Planets and Stellar Activity: Hide and Seek in the CoRoT-7 system

Since the discovery of the transiting super-Earth CoRoT-7b, several investigations have yielded different results for the number and masses of planets present in the system, mainly owing to the star's high level of activity. We re-observed CoRoT-7 in January 2012 with both HARPS and CoRoT, so that we now have the benefit of simultaneous radial-velocity and photometric data. This allows us to use the off-transit variations in the star's light curve to estimate the radial-velocity variations induced by the suppression of convective blueshift and the flux blocked by starspots. To account for activity-related effects in the radial-velocities which do not have a photometric signature, we also include an additional activity term in the radial-velocity model, which we treat as a Gaussian process with the same covariance properties (and hence the same frequency structure) as the light curve. Our model was incorporated into a Monte Carlo Markov Chain in order to make a precise determination of the orbits of CoRoT-7b and CoRoT-7c. We measure the masses of planets b and c to be 4.73 +/- 0.95 Mearth and 13.56 +/- 1.08 Mearth, respectively. The density of CoRoT-7b is (6.61 +/- 1.72)(Rp/1.58 Rearth)^(-3) g.cm^(-3), which is compatible with a rocky composition. We search for evidence of an additional planet d, identified by previous authors with a period close to 9 days. We are not able to confirm the existence of a planet with this orbital period, which is close to the second harmonic of the stellar rotation at around 7.9 days. Using Bayesian model selection we find that a model with two planets plus activity-induced variations is most favoured.Comment: Accepted 2014 July 2. Received 2014 June 30; in original form 2013 May 30 (17 pages, 9 figures

Estudo da estrutura física do grão do milho por meio de marcadores RFLP e RAPD.

xSuplemento. Edição dos resumos do 43º Congresso Nacional de Genética

Efeito das temperaturas e substratos sobre a germinação de Parkia gigantocarpa Ducke (Leguminosae-Mimosoideae).

Parkia gigantocarpa Ducke, conhecida popularmente como Fava- Atanã é uma espécie de grande porte, que pode ser utilizada para produção de celulose, recomposição de áreas degradadas e construção em geral. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a influência de diferentes substratos e temperaturas sobre a germinação de sementes de P. gigantocarpa. Realizou-se um experimento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, com 4 repetições de 25 sementes, por um período de 12 dias. Foram utilizados diferentes substratos (rolo de papel, areia, areia + serragem (1:1), vermiculita e fibra de coco triturada) em função de diferentes temperaturas constantes (15, 20, 25, 30 e 35ºC). Nas temperaturas de 15 e 20ºC houve inibição no desenvolvimento normal das plântulas, ocorrendo germinação de plântulas normais somente nas temperaturas de 25, 30 e 35°C. No geral, a temperatura de 30°C foi a mais favorável para a germinação das sementes de P. gigantocarpa, tendo como melhores substratos a areia, areia + serragem (1:1) e fibra de coco

Avaliação de regimes de temperatura no desenvolvimento da ferrugem-asiática da soja.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o impacto de cinco regimes de temperatura (28oC/ 20oC, 30oC/ 22oC, 32oC/ 24oC, 34oC/ 26oC e 36oC/ 28oC) no desenvolvimento da ferrugem-asiática da soja foram realizados ensaios em condições controladas. Plantas da cultivar CD 219 RR com a quarta folha expandida foram inoculadas com esporos do fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi e mantidas nos diferentes regimes de temperatura. A severidade da ferrugem foi avaliada aos 16 dias após a inoculação. O regime de temperatura mais favorável para o desenvolvimento da ferrugem foi 28oC/ 20oC (média 24oC). A doença não se desenvolveu nos regimes de temperatura de 34oC/ 26oC e 36oC/ 28oC, com médias 30oC e 32oC, respectivamente