Caracterização mineralógica de cerâmicas da Idade do Ferro de Lisboa (Núcleo Arqueológico da Rua dos Correeiros)

Estuda-se conjunto de recipientes anfóricos e de produções de cerâmica comum, provenientes do interior do forno da Idade do Ferro identificado no decurso das escavações realizadas no Núcleo Arqueológico da Rua dos Correeiros, no início da década de 1990. A observação microscópica entre lâmina e lamelas realizada das referidas pastas conduziu à conclusão de que todas as produções ali representadas são de carácter local ou regional, a partir de diversas fontes de aprovisionamento devidamente identificadas: estuário do Tejo; afloramentos miocénicos do casco urbano da cidade de Lisboa (“Argilas do Forno do Tijolo”) e argilas das formações alteradas do Complexo Vulcânico de Lisboa. É interessante verificar que tais matérias-primas foram frequentemente misturadas, o que sublinha o carácter geográfico das respetivas produções.This paper presents the analysis of an assemblage of amphorae and common ware, retrieved in the interior of an Iron Age kiln identified during the archaeological excavations that took place in Núcleo Arqueológico da Rua dos Correeiros, during the early 1990s. The microscopic analysis of thin sections led to the conclusion that all the pastes were of local or regional origin, using various clay sources: the Tagus estuary, the Miocene outcrops of Lisbon´s urban center (“Argilas do Forno do Tijolo”) and clay from altered formations of the “Complexo Vulcânico de Lisboa”. Interestingly, these raw materials seem to have been often mixed, a fact that further stresses the geographical nature of these ceramic productions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Examining national and district-level trends in neonatal health in Peru through an equity lens:A success story driven by political will and societal advocacy

Abstract Background Peru has impressively reduced its neonatal mortality rate (NMR). We aimed, for the period 2000–2013, to: (a) describe national and district NMR variations over time; (b) assess NMR trends by wealth quintile and place of residence; (c) describe evolution of mortality causes; (d) assess completeness of registered mortality; (e) assess coverage and equity of NMR-related interventions; and (f) explore underlying driving factors. Methods We compared national NMR time trends from different sources. To describe NMR trends by wealth quintiles, place of residence and districts, we pooled data on births and deaths by calendar year for neonates born to women interviewed in multiple surveys. We disaggregated coverage of NMR-related interventions by wealth quintiles and place of residence. To identify success factors, we ran regression analyses and combined desk reviews with qualitative interviews and group discussions. Results NMR fell by 51 % from 2000 to 2013, second only to Brazil in Latin America. Reduction was higher in rural and poorest segments (52 and 58 %). District NMR change varied by source. Regarding cause-specific NMRs, prematurity decreased from 7.0 to 3.2 per 1,000 live births, intra-partum related events from 2.9 to 1.2, congenital abnormalities from 2.4 to 1.8, sepsis from 1.9 to 0.8, pneumonia from 0.9 to 0.4, and other conditions from 1.2 to 0.7. Under-registration of neonatal deaths decreased recently, more in districts with higher development index and lower rural population. Coverage of family planning, antenatal care and skilled birth attendance increased more in rural areas and in the poorest quintile. Regressions did not show consistent associations between mortality and predictors. During the study period social determinants improved substantially, and dramatic out-of-health-sector and health-sector changes occurred. Rural areas and the poorest quintile experienced greater NMR reduction. This progress was driven, within a context of economic growth and poverty reduction, by a combination of strong societal advocacy and political will, which translated into pro-poor implementation of evidence-based interventions with a rights-based approach. Conclusions Although progress in Peru for reducing NMR has been remarkable, future challenges include closing remaining gaps for urban and rural populations and improving newborn health with qualified staff and intermediate- and intensive-level health facilities

Tactile sensibility in arm of women subjected to the axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer

OBJETIVO: identificar a alteração de sensibilidade no trajeto do nervo intercostobraquial utilizando um estesiômetro e observar a repetição das medições efetuadas com esse aparelho. MÉTODOS: foi aplicado o estesiômetro de Semmes-Weinstein para a avaliação da sensibilidade no trajeto do nervo intercostobraquial. Participaram desse estudo 94 mulheres divididas em dois grupos: Grupo CA, composto por 47 mulheres submetidas à linfonodenectomia axilar por câncer de mama, e grupo comparativo, composto por 47 mulheres sem câncer de mama e que não foram submetidas a qualquer tipo de cirurgia nas axilas. Em cada participante, foram realizadas anamnese e aplicação do estesiômetro duas vezes consecutivas. As respostas ao teste com estesiômetro do Grupo Controle foram utilizadas como valores de referência de normalidade. RESULTADOS: a prevalência de alteração de sensibilidade, no Grupo CA, foi de 85,1%, com base nas repostas do Grupo Controle. Foi confirmada a repetição na aplicação do estesiômetro no Grupo CA por meio do teste de Kappa (p=0,8). CONCLUSÕES: na amostra desse estudo, as alterações de sensibilidade tiveram alta prevalência; as avaliações efetuadas com o uso do estesiômetro apresentaram repetição e, por isto, considerou-se o equipamento confiável para avaliação da sensibilidade no trajeto do nervo intercostobraquial.PURPOSE: to identify sensitivity alteration in the intercostal brachial nerve pathway using an extensiometer, and to observe the measurement reproducibility of the apparatus. METHODS: the Semmes-Weinstein extensiometer was used to evaluate the sensitivity along the intercostal brachial nerve pathway. Ninety-four women have participated in the study, divided into two groups: a CA Group composed of 47 women submitted to breast cancer axillary lymphadenectomy, and a comparative group composed of 47 women without breast cancer, who had not been submitted to any kind of axillary surgery. Each participant underwent anamnesis and two consecutive applications of the extensiometer. The Control Group responses to the extensiometer test were used as normality reference values. RESULTS: based on Control Group responses, the prevalence of sensitivity changes was 85.1% in the CA Group. Reproducibility of the extensiometer application was confirmed in the CA Group through the Kappa's test (p=0.8). CONCLUSIONS: in this studied sample, sensitivity alterations had high prevalence; evaluations made with the extensiometer were reproducible, and thus we consider the equipment reliable to evaluate sensitivity along the intercostal brachial nerve pathway.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Retinal Pigmented Epithelial Cells Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis through Activation of the Mitochondrial Intrinsic Pathway: Role of Indocyanine Green, Brilliant Blue and Implications for Chromovitrectomy

Purpose: To investigate the in vitro effect of four vital dyes on toxicity and apoptosis in a human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell line.Methods: ARPE-19 cells were exposed to brilliant blue (BriB), methyl blue (MetB), acid violet (AcV) and indocyanine green (ICG). Balanced salt solution was used as control. Five different concentrations of each dye (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.05 and 0.005 mg/mL) and two exposure times (3 and 30 min) were tested. Cell viability was determined by cell count and MTS assay and cell toxicity by LDH assay. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to access the apoptosis process.Results: ICG significantly reduced cell viability after 3 minutes of exposure at all concentrations (p < 0.01). BriB was safe at concentrations up to 0.25 mg/mL and MetB at concentrations up to 0.5 mg/mL, while AcV was safe up to 0.05 mg/ml, after 3 minutes of exposure. Toxicity was higher, when the cells were treated for 30 minutes. Expression of Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-9 was upregulated at the mRNA and protein level after ICG exposure, while Bcl-2 was downregulated. AcV and MetB were similar to control. However, BriB resulted in upregulation of Bcl-2, an antiapoptotic protein.Conclusions: the safest dye used on RPE cells was MetB followed by BriB and AcV. ICG was toxic at all concentrations and exposure times tested. Moreover, ICG was the only dye that induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. BriB significantly increased Bcl-2 protein levels, which might protect against the apoptosis process.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)National Institutes of Health CenterResearch to Prevent BlindnessDepartment of Defense (DOD)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Visao IPEPO, Dept Oftalmol, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Miami, Bascom Palmer Eye Inst, Miami, FL USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Inst Visao IPEPO, Dept Oftalmol, São Paulo, BrazilNational Institutes of Health Center: P30EY014801Department of Defense (DOD): W81XWH-09-1-0675Web of Scienc

The objectives, design and implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

INTERGROWTH-21st is a multicentre, multiethnic, populationbased project, being conducted in eight geographical areas (Brazil, China, India, Italy, Kenya, Oman, UK and USA), with technical support from four global specialised units, to study growth, health and nutrition from early pregnancy to infancy. It aims to produce prescriptive growth standards, which conceptually extend the World Health Organization (WHO) Multicentre Growth Reference Study (MGRS) to cover fetal and newborn life. The new international standards will describe: (1) fetal growth assessed by clinical and ultrasound measures; (2) postnatal growth of term and preterm infants up to 2 years of age; and (3) the relationship between birthweight, length and head circumference, gestational age and perinatal outcomes. As the project has selected healthy cohorts with no obvious risk factors for intrauterine growth restriction, these standards will describe how all fetuses and newborns should grow, as opposed to traditional charts that describe how some have grown at a given place and time. These growth patterns will be related to morbidity and mortality to identify levels of perinatal risk. Additional aims include phenotypic characterisation of the preterm and impaired fetal growth syndromes and development of a prediction model, based on multiple ultrasound measurements, to estimate gestational age for use in pregnant women without access to early/frequent antenatal care

Evaluando el progreso de la eficiencia con tecnología en una cadena de hoteles española

This paper analyzes the changes in the total factor productivity index of a Spanish hotel chain in the period from 2007 to 2010 with the purpose of identifying efficiency patterns for the chain in a period of financial crisis. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) Malmquist productivity index was used to estimate productivity change in 38 hotels of the AC chain. Results reveal AC hotels’ efficiency trends and, therefore, their competitiveness in the recession period; they also show the changes experienced in these hotels’ total productivity and its components: technological and efficiency changes. Positive efficiency changes were due to positive technical efficiency rather than technological efficiency. The recession period certainly influenced the performance of AC Hotels, which focused on organizational changes rather than investing in technology.Este artigo analisa as mudanças no fator total de produtividade de uma cadeia de hotéis na Espanha, no período de 2007-2010, com o propósito de identificar os padrões da cadeia em um período de crise financeira. O índice data envelopment analysis (DEA) Malmquist de produtividade foi usado para estimar a mudança da produtividade nos 38 hotéis da AC Cadeia de Hotéis. Os resultados revelaram as tendências de eficiência e competitividade da AC Hotéis em um período de recessão, bem como as mudanças vivenciadas na produtividade total e, consequentemente, em seus componentes de eficiência e tecnológicos. O período de recessão influenciou, sem dúvida, o comportamento da AC Hotéis, que buscou mais mudanças organizacionais do que tecnológicas.Este artículo analiza los cambios del índice de productividad del factor total de una cadena de hoteles españoles en el periodo de 2007 hasta 2010, con el propósito de identificar patrones de eficiencia para la cadena en un periodo de crisis financiera. El índice de productividad data envelopment analysis (DEA) Malmquist fue utilizado para estimar el cambio de productividad en 38 hoteles de la cadena AC. Los resultados revelan las tendencias de la eficiencia de los hoteles AC y, por lo tanto, su competitividad en el periodo de recisión; ellos también demuestran los cambios experimentados en la productividad total de eses hoteles y sus componentes: cambios de eficiencia y tecnológicos. Cambios de eficiencia positivos se debieron más bien a eficiencias técnicas positivas que a eficiencias tecnológicas. El periodo de recesión ciertamente ha influenciado los Hoteles AC, que enfocaron más en los cambios organizacionales que en invirtiendo en tecnología

Chronic graft-versus-host disease : a risk factor for secondary malignancies after allogeneic stem-cell transplant

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018Enquadramento: Apesar dos avanços na área da transplantação de células progenitoras hematopoiéticas, o transplante alogénico continua a associar-se a importantes complicações, com elevada morbi-mortalidade, como a doença de enxerto-contrahospedeiro crónica e neoplasias secundárias. A doença de enxerto-contra-hospedeiro crónica e o seu tratamento foram identificados como potenciais factores de risco para o desenvolvimento de neoplasias secundárias após transplante, nomeadamente neoplasias sólidas. No entanto existem poucos estudos que analisem o papel da doença de enxertocontra- hospedeiro crónica no risco de neoplasias secundárias. Objectivo: Analisar e clarificar o papel da doença de enxerto-contra-hospedeiro crónica e do tratamento imunosupressor associado, no desenvolvimento de neoplasias secundárias após transplante alogénico de células progenitoras hematopoieticas. Como objectivo final, este trabalho pretende aumentar a sensibilização para esta complicação tardia, no seguimento a longo-prazo destes doentes. Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura, através da pesquisa na base de dados Pubmed, com inclusão final de 29 artigos científicos. Resultados: A doença de enxerto-contra-hospedeiro crónica parece ser um factor de risco independente para neoplasias sólidas, nomeadamente para carcinomas pavimentocelulares de regiões frequentemente afectadas pela doença, como a cavidade oral, pele e, nalgumas populações, o esófago. O risco de neoplasia sólida parece aumentar com a duração do tratamento imunosupressor, quando este é superior a 24 meses, e com o uso de azatioprina. A associação da doença de enxerto-contra-hospedeiro crónica com outros tipos de neoplasias secundárias foi inconclusiva. Conclusão: Os doentes com doença de enxerto-contra-hospedeiro crónica parecem ter um risco aumentado para neoplasias secundárias, nomeadamente neoplasias sólidas. Estas neoplasias tendem a surgir tardiamente, o que sugere um benefício na instituição de rotinas de rastreio oncológico a longo-termo, sobretudo para neoplasias da pele, cavidade oral, e nalgumas populações, esófago.Background: Despite the advances in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, allogeneic transplants are still associated with significant morbidity and mortality, due to late complications, such as chronic graft-versus-host disease and secondary malignancies. Both chronic graft-versus-host disease and its treatment have been implied as potential risk factors for secondary malignancies in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, particularly for solid tumors. However the literature on the role of chronic graft-versus-host disease on the development of secondary malignancy is scarce. Goals: Analyze and clarify the role of chronic graft-versus-host disease, and its immunosuppressive treatment, on the development of secondary malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The final goal is to increase awareness for this late complication in the long-term follow up of these patients. Methods: This is a systematic literature review, covering 29 articles, after a thorough search in Pubmed database. Results: Chronic graft-versus-host disease seems to be an independent risk factor for solid tumors, namely for squamous cell carcinomas of regions frequently affected by the disease, such as the oral cavity, skin and, in some populations, the esophagus. The risk for solid tumors seems to increase with treatment duration, when surpassing 24 months, and with the use of azathioprine. The association between chronic graft-versus-host disease and other secondary malignancies was inconclusive. Conclusions: Patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease seem to have an increased risk for secondary malignancies, namely solid tumors. Solid tumors tend to occur later in the follow-up, suggesting a benefit in cancer screening guidelines for the long-termsurvivors, particularly for skin, oral cavity, and esophagus cancer

Conhecimento, Responsabilidade, Visão e Futuro: bases programáticas da Lista F para o 3.º mandato do Conselho Geral da Universidade de Évora 2016-20

O presente documento inclui o programa de acção e os elementos de campanha da Lista F, candidata ao 3.º mandato do Conselho Geral da Universidade de Évora (2016-20)