Can animal manure be used to increase soil organic carbon stocks in the Mediterranean as a mitigation climate change strategy?

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an important role on improving soil conditions and soil functions. Increasing land use changes have induced an important decline of SOC content at global scale. Increasing SOC in agricultural soils has been proposed as a strategy to mitigate climate change. Animal manure has the characteristic of enriching SOC, when applied to crop fields, while, in parallel, it could constitute a natural fertilizer for the crops. In this paper, a simulation is performed using the area of Catalonia, Spain as a case study for the characteristic low SOC in the Mediterranean, to examine whether animal manure can improve substantially the SOC of agricultural fields, when applied as organic fertilizers. Our results show that the policy goals of the 4x1000 strategy can be achieved only partially by using manure transported to the fields. This implies that the proposed approach needs to be combined with other strategies.Comment: Proc. of EnviroInfo 2020, Nicosia, Cyprus, September 2020. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.0912

Comparison of Holmium Laser and Pneumatic Lithotripsy in treatment of ureteral stones

Introduction: To compare the effectiveness and complications of treatment of ureteric stones by holmium laser lithotripsy and pneumatic lithotripsy. &#x0D; Methods: Comparison of 100 patients with ureteric stones, 50 of whom were treated with pneumatic lithotripsy and 50 with holmium laser lithotripsy was done and effectiveness and complications of the two were analysed. &#x0D; Results: Both the groups were similar in respect to sex, age, stone size and location of the stones. Successful stone fragmentation occurred in 94 % on pneumatic group and in 92 % on laser group. On following the patients for a month, stone free rate was 98 % in both the groups. None of the patients had any complications relating to the procedures. &#x0D; Conclusion: Although pneumatic lithotripsy has more retrograde migration of ureteric stones, the results are comparable to holmium laser. Other complications are very rare.</jats:p

Comparison of Holmium Laser and Pneumatic Lithotripsy in treatment of ureteral stones

Introduction: To compare the effectiveness and complications of treatment of ureteric stones by holmium laser lithotripsy and pneumatic lithotripsy. &#x0D; Methods: Comparison of 100 patients with ureteric stones, 50 of whom were treated with pneumatic lithotripsy and 50 with holmium laser lithotripsy was done and effectiveness and complications of the two were analysed. &#x0D; Results: Both the groups were similar in respect to sex, age, stone size and location of the stones. Successful stone fragmentation occurred in 94 % on pneumatic group and in 92 % on laser group. On following the patients for a month, stone free rate was 98 % in both the groups. None of the patients had any complications relating to the procedures. &#x0D; Conclusion: Although pneumatic lithotripsy has more retrograde migration of ureteric stones, the results are comparable to holmium laser. Other complications are very rare.</jats:p

The Effect of Storage Time on the Dimensional Stability of Zinc Oxide Eugenol Impression Material Under Dry and Moist Conditions - An In- Vitro Study

Introduction: Accurate impression is an important factor to fabricate accurate dental casts and ultimately accurate dental prostheses. Due to time constraints, sometimes there is need of storing impression for some time which may alter the dimension. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of zinc oxide eugenol impression paste at different time intervals and in twoconditions, dry and wet storage. Methods: Sixty study molds of zinc oxide eugenol impression material were prepared according to American dental Association specification no 19 for non-aqueous elastic dental impression materials and the distance between two specific lines were measured at different time intervals. The paired t test was utilized to assess the difference in mean dimension of the molds from specified time to the original measurement immediately after setting. Results: In dry storage condition, the dimensional changes were not seen up to 24 hours, but at 36 hours, there is statistically significant dimensional change. In wet condition, there was significant change in dimension after 6 hours onwards. Conclusion: The dimensional change was not significant up to 24 hours in dry condition. Thus, it can be poured up to 24 hours after setting. Dimensional stability was not seen after 6 hour and hence is recommended to pour within 30 minutes if kept under wet condition.</jats:p

Assessment of buccal bone thickness of aesthetic maxillary region in Nepalese adults: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study

Introduction: The dental implant has now become a routine treatment for oral rehabilitation. The treatment planning and positioning of implants is greatly dependent upon the clinicians’ understanding of the alveolar architecture of the maxilla and mandible. In the esthetic zone, the implants therapy can be successful only if it is in harmony with the surrounding tissues.&#x0D; Objectives: To study the labial osseous wall thickness of the anterior maxillary bone at various sites apical to the cemento-enamel junction using the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Cone beam tomographic scans of 150 Nepalese adults (70 females and 80 males) were obtained from the Oral Radiology Unit, Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital &amp; Research Center. CBCT scans were carried out by trained technicians using CS 9300 (Carestream Dental, Atlanta, GA, USA). In the CBCT images, distances between the CEJ and alveolar crest (AC) as well as the labial bone thickness at different levels (at the crest, 1mm, 3mm and 5 mm) were measured for central incisor (CI), lateral incisor (LI), and canine (C).&#x0D; Results: It showed that the average distance between CEJ and crest of CI, LI, and C were 1.98±0.84 mm, 2.09±0.83 mm, and 2.12±1.20 mm, respectively. Only 3.3% of the CI, 10.7% of the LI, and 13.3% of the C showed a thick labial bone (1–2 mm) at the crestal level. At the 1 mm level, 75.3% of the CI, 64.5% of LI, and 70% C showed a very thin bony wall. Similarly, none showed very thick bony wall (&gt;2mm). The thickness level was significant at the crest and at 5 mm level. The highest bone thickness of LI was found at the 1 mm level. In addition, there was also significant difference in different levels of LIs. The mean distance between the CEJ and the AC for the CI and the C was significantly higher in males than females.&#x0D; Conclusion: The labial bone in the anterior maxilla is inherently thin, with more than 80% of the sites showing less than 1 mm. The results of this study may be useful for the implant planning in the esthetic zone and it is recommended tissue augmentation (soft and hard) to achieve esthetic emergence profile.</jats:p

Conventional tooth supported overdenture: A case report

The present prime concern in dentistry is on preservation of remaining natural teeth. Presence of few teeth in oral cavity help in preserving alveolar ridge integrity, maintain the proprioception, and gives psychological benefit to the patient. Overdenture has proven to be the mainstay of conservative prosthodontic treatment when proper diagnosis, treatment planning, and most importantly, patient compliance are achieved. This paper presents a case report of rehabilitation of a 65 year old patient with multiple missing teeth with tooth supported overdenture in both maxilla and mandible.</jats:p

An anthropometric study to evaluate the correlation between the occlusal vertical dimension and length of the thumb

Bishal Babu Basnet, Prakash Kumar Parajuli, Raj Kumar Singh, Pramita Suwal, Pragya Shrestha, Dharanidhar BaralDepartment of Prosthodontics, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, NepalBackground: Establishment of proper occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) is one of the important tasks for successful prosthodontic therapy. An ideal method for determining OVD in terms of cost, time, and instrument requirements has been sought in prosthodontics by various investigators. However, no such single method has been formulated. In the current anthropometric study, the relationship of the length of the thumb to the OVD was tested in two ethnic groups of Nepal, Aryans, and Mongoloids. The result of this study can be useful in determining proper OVD in edentulous patients.Aims and objectives: The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the length of the thumb and OVD in Aryan and Mongoloid ethnic groups. The secondary aim was to compare the correlation between OVD and other anatomic measurements (eye&ndash;ear distance and pupil-to-rima oris distance) in these ethnicities.Materials and methods: The OVD, thumb length, eye&ndash;ear distance and distance between pupil of eye and rima oris were measured in a total of 500 adult dentulous volunteers. The correlation between OVD and thumb length as well as other anatomic measurements was checked with Pearson&#39;s product moment correlation coefficient. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship of OVD to the length of the thumb.Results: The thumb length was significantly (P&le;0.05) correlated with strong and positive values (Pearson&rsquo;s coefficient =0.874 in the whole population, 0.826 in Aryans, and 0.944 in Mongoloids). Regression analysis showed that thumb length was significantly related to OVD in both ethnic groups.Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the result implies that thumb length can be used as an adjunct for establishing OVD in the edentulous patients.Keywords: thumb, prosthodontic, caliper, rima oris, pupil of eye, edentulous patien

Management of Spacing in Mandibular Anterior Teeth by Minimally Invasive Technique Using Laminates: A Case Report

People have become increasingly concerned about esthetics as a perfect smile gives patients more confidence and make them feel comfortable in social circumstances. Esthetic dental treatment plays an important role in improving personal appearance. Advances in dental materials have led to innovations in porcelain laminate veneers and bonding materials which has improved the overall quality of the esthetic restorations. This case report describes the rehabilitation of a patient with spacing in mandibularanterior teeth, who was concerned with his facial appearance, with ceramic laminate veneers.</jats:p