Inshore small-mesh trawling survey of the Cape south coast. Part 2. Occurrence of estuarine-associated fishes

Marine inshore trawl catches of 12 species of estuarine-associated fishes are reported together with their depth and length distributions. Underwater observations of four additional species, made during 122 SCUBA dives over rocky substrates, are also recorded. The data revealed three ecologically distinct groups of inshore fishes: typically marine species that only use marine inshore nursery grounds; an intermediate group that uses mainly marine inshore nurseries plus estuarine nurseries to a limited extent; and a specialized group that is dependent on estuarine nurseries

South African estuaries and their importance to fishes

Environmental conditions typical of South African estuaries are contrasted with those of marine inshore waters. The life cycle of estuarine fishes is related to important physical and biological characteristics of estuaries. The fish fauna is divided into 6 categories according to the extent of their dependence on estuaries. This is followed by discussion of the effects of estuarine degradation on these groups. Continuing degradation will result in a decline in South Africa's estuarine fish fauna and consequently in recreational angling, in the yield of high-protein food and in economic activities dependent upon this natural resource

Inshore small-mesh trawling survey of the Cape south coast. Part 2. Occurence of estuarine-associated fishes

No Abstract

How estuarine-dependent are South African fishes?

Over the past 25-odd years much research has been conducted on South African estuarine fishes and their basic biology is now well understood. Due to the great abundance of juvenile fishes in estuaries it became apparent that these areas play an important role as nurseries and for this reason much has been written about the need to conserve estuaries in the face of development projects that threaten to degrade this environment. This paper reviews the results of recent research conducted along the Cape south coast in which the juvenile fish fauna was sampled from inter-tidal rock pools, from inter- and sub-tidal sandy beaches, from sub-tidal reefs down to 32m and trawled on soft substrates down to 97m

Texture and colour characteristics, and optimisation of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and glycine of reduced‐sodium frankfurter

The three-components mixture design was applied to optimise a ratio of NaCl (0%–65%), KCl (35%–100%) and glycine (0%–20%) in reduced-sodium frankfurters. Fourteen frankfurters were analysed for texture and colour, and consumer (n = 100) acceptability. Results indicated that NaCl levels affected consumer acceptability of reduced-sodium frankfurters. Increasing NaCl generally increased texture hardness. Optimisation of a salt mixture was performed by superimposing contour plots of predicted acceptability scores (≥5.5 on a 9-points hedonic scale) of all sensory attributes and revealed the optimal salt mixture: 40.03%–63.66% NaCl, 35.00%–55.90% KCl and 0.00%–20.00% glycine. The optimal salt mixture contained 220–340 mg Na/100g frankfurter compared with 540 mg Na/100 g of the control formulation (100% NaCl). The mean overall liking score (5.9 vs. 5.9) of the optimal reduced-sodium frankfurter was not different from the control (100% NaCl). This optimal formulation had \u3e25% sodium reduction and could be claimed as ‘reduced-sodium’ according to US Food and Drugs Administration regulation