Towards a Conceptualization of Sociomaterial Entanglement

In knowledge representation, socio-technical systems can be modeled as multiagent systems in which the local knowledge of each individual agent can be seen as a context. In this paper we propose formal ontologies as a means to describe the assumptions driving the construction of contexts as local theories and to enable interoperability among them. In particular, we present two alternative conceptualizations of the notion of sociomateriality (and entanglement), which is central in the recent debates on socio-technical systems in the social sciences, namely critical and agential realism. We thus start by providing a model of entanglement according to the critical realist view, representing it as a property of objects that are essentially dependent on different modules of an already given ontology. We refine then our treatment by proposing a taxonomy of sociomaterial entanglements that distinguishes between ontological and epistemological entanglement. In the final section, we discuss the second perspective, which is more challenging form the point of view of knowledge representation, and we show that the very distinction of information into modules can be at least in principle built out of the assumption of an entangled reality

Avaliação da qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de sete marcas de leite padronizados produzidas nos Estados de Goiás e Minas Gerais e comercializadas no Distrito Federal.

Resumo: O leite é um produto rico em proteínas, carboidratos e vitaminas, sendo um alimento de alto valor nutricional. Pela sua composição físico-química, é um meio propício ao desenvolvimento de micro-organismos. A obtenção, o beneficiamento e o armazenamento devem ser feitos de maneira higiênica para garantir a qualidade final do produto. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica de sete marcas de leites padronizados comercializadas no Distrito Federal. As amostras foram oriundas de sete laticínios, cinco do Estado de Goiás, e duas de Minas Gerais. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Análise de Alimentos da Universidade de Brasília seguindo normas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Os resultados foram comparados aos limites estabelecidos pela Instrução Normativa n°51 e revelam qualidade satisfatória para os parâmetros físico-químicos para as setes marcas. Entretanto, as análises qualitativas de eficiência da pasteurização e microbiológica indicam leites impróprios para o consumo humano. Não foi detectada presença de antibióticos nas marcas. [Evaluation of physico-chemical and microbiological of seven brands of standardized milk produced in the states of Goiás and Minas Gerais and marketed in the Federal District]. Abstract: Milk is a product rich in protein, carbohydrates and vitamins being a food of high nutritional value. By its physico-chemical composition is a propitious means to the development of microorganisms. Obtaining, processing and storage shall be made in a hygienic manner to ensure the quality of the final product. The aims of this study were to evaluate the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the seven brands of standardized milks marketed in the Federal District. The samples were from seven dairy, five State of Goiás and two of Minas Gerais. The analyzes were performed at the Laboratory of Food Analysis, University of Brasilia, following rules of the Institute Adolfo Lutz. The results were compared to the limits established by Normative Instruction No. 51 and show satisfactory quality for physico-chemical parameters for the seven brands. However, qualitative analysis of efficiency of pasteurization and microbiological indicate milks unfit for human consumption. Antibiotics were not detected in all marks

Avaliação qualitativa e quantitativa de leite Tipo A comercializados no Distrito Federal.

Resumo: O leite tipo A é processado em granjas leiteiras. Possui maior valor agregado e menor carga microbiológica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade do produto comercializado no Distrito Federal. Foram avaliadas duas marcas durante quatro meses. As amostras foram avaliadas em testes de fraude e foram feitas análise físico-química. Ambas as marcas apresentaram índice crioscópico em desacordo com a legislação vigente e presença de sacarose. Esse resultado evidencia a fraude para aumentar o rendimento do produto. Além disso, a marca B apresentou bicarbonato em sua composição e teste de peroxidase negativa em 14,3% das amostras. Esses resultados mostram que a marca B fraudou o leite na tentativa de reduzir a carga microbiana. [Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of type A milk marketed in the Federal District]. Abstract: The type A milk is processed into dairy farms. Has a higher value and lower microbiological load. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the product marketed in the Federal District. We evaluated two brands during four months. The samples were evaluated in tests of fraud and physicochemical analysis. Both brands had cryoscopic index in disagreement with current legislation and presence of sucrose. This result evidences the fraud to increase product yield. In addition, the type B showed bicarbonate in their composition and peroxidase negative test in 14,3% of samples. These results show that type B defrauded milk in attempt to reduce the microbial load

Avaliação da presença de metais pesados em nove méis produzidos e comercializados no Distrito Federal.

Resumo: O mel brasileiro é produzido principalmente por abelhas africanizadas a partir do néctar ou da secreção das plantas e, devido às suas características genéticas dessas espécies de abelhas, dispensa o uso de antibióticos e pesticidas, como acaricidas e fungicidas. A composição das amostras de méis está intimamente relacionada com o tipo de florada utilizada por estas abelhas para a elaboração do produto final. Um dos componentes de grande importância são os minerais presentes no mel que representam de 0,02% a 1%. Dentre estes minerais observamos os chamados metais pesados, que podem indicar tanto a origem geográfica do mel quanto o nível de poluição ambiental por estes metais. Logo, faz-se necessário a pesquisa da presença ou não de metais pesados nas amostras comercializadas. Por isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar nove amostras provenientes de nove apiários localizados na região do Distrito Federal, quanto à presença de metais de Cádmio, Chumbo, Cobre, Cromo, Níquel e Zinco. As determinações foram realizadas por espectrometria de emissão atômica com plasma acoplado e os resultados demonstraram que as concentrações de Cádmio e Zinco estão em conformidade com a legislação vigente. As concentrações dos demais metais (Chumbo, Cobre, Cromo e Níquel) estão abaixo do limite de detecção. [Evaluation of the presence of heavy metals in nine honeys produced and marketed in the Federal District]. Abstract: The Brazilian honey is mainly produced by Africanized bees that due to their genetic characteristics dispense the use of antibiotics and pesticides, acaricides and fungicides. However, it is necessary to investigate the presence or absence of heavy metals in marketed samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze nine samples from nine apiaries located in the Federal District, as the presence of metals Cadmium, Lead, Copper, Chromium, Nickel and Zinc. The determinations were performed by atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma and the results showed that the concentrations of Cadmium and Zinc are in accordance with current legislation. The concentrations of other metals (Lead, Copper, Chromium and Nickel) are below the detection limit

The Rg1 allele as a valuable tool for genetic transformation of the tomato 'Micro-Tom' model system.

Artigo número 23

Surgical site infection after caesarean section. Space for post-discharge surveillance improvements and reliable comparisons

Surgical site infections (SSI) after caesarean section (CS) represent a substantial health system concern. Surveying SSI has been associated with a reduction in SSI incidence. We report the findings of three (2008, 2011 and 2013) regional active SSI surveillances after CS in community hospital of the Latium region determining the incidence of SSI. Each CS was surveyed for SSI occurrence by trained staff up to 30 post-operative days, and association of SSI with relevant characteristics was assessed using binomial logistic regression. A total of 3,685 CS were included in the study. A complete 30 day post-operation follow-up was achieved in over 94% of procedures. Overall 145 SSI were observed (3.9% cumulative incidence) of which 131 (90.3%) were superficial and 14 (9.7%) complex (deep or organ/space) SSI; overall 129 SSI (of which 89.9% superficial) were diagnosed post-discharge. Only higher NNIS score was significantly associated with SSI occurrence in the regression analysis. Our work provides the first regional data on CS-associated SSI incidence, highlighting the need for a post-discharge surveillance which should assure 30 days post-operation to not miss data on complex SSI, as well as being less labour intensive

Occurrence of the Redglobe strain of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 in table and wine grape varieties in Italy

Research NoteThe Redglobe strain of Grapevine leafrollassociated virus 2 (GLRaV-2-RG) is a recently discovered closterovirus so far reported to infect solely cv. Redglobe. A survey for this virus 2 in about 380 accessions of table and wine grape varieties conducted during 2001-2003 proved that GLRaV-2-RG was present also in other table grape varieties, though to a smaller extent, while it was never detected in wine varieties.

The Sign of Silence: Negotiating Musical Identities in an Improvising Ensemble

Group musical improvisation, as a spontaneous process of collaborative creativity effected through non-verbal social interaction, is a unique psychological phenomenon and universal capacity. Existing studies focus on improvisation among professional jazz musicians, often using qualitative methods. However, improvisation transcends genres and levels of training or experience, and existing qualitative data are rarely analyzed as discourse. We compare findings from studies of jazz musicians’ improvising with interview data from free improvisers from varied backgrounds focused on their improvising together (n = 10). The ways jazz musicians construct improvising in talk were distinct from the constructions of this more diverse group, suggesting a specifically professional discourse. By focusing on accounts of deciding whether to play, the ambiguity of musical contributions in the non-verbal context of playing is highlighted. Analysis indicates that musical acts within improvisation are interpreted by the musicians involved in ways that inherently support or resist particular identities. The unique creative, communicative and social process of musical improvising in groups can therefore best be understood when the entirety of improvisational practice and its various contexts are acknowledged. Future research can best recognize the diversity of, and change in, what improvisation can encompass with continued discursive investigation of group improvising

Artifact and Artifact Categorization: Comparing Humans and Capuchin Monkeys

International audienceWe aim to show that far-related primates like humans and the capuchin monkeys show interesting correspondences in terms of artifact characterization and categorization. We investigate this issue by using a philosophically-inspired definition of physical artifact which, developed for human artifacts, turns out to be applicable for cross-species comparison. In this approach an artifact is created when an entity is intentionally selected and some capacities attributed to it (often characterizing a purpose). Behavioral studies suggest that this notion of artifact is not specific to the human kind. On the basis of the results of a series of field observations and experiments on wild capuchin monkeys that routinely use stone hammers and anvils, we show that the notions of intentional selection and attributed capacity appear to be at play in capuchins as well. The study also suggests that functional criteria and contextualization play a fundamental role in terms of artifact recognition and categorization in nonhuman primates

Preliminary results on population dynamics and host plants of

This work dealt with Hyalesthes obsoletus, which is the only known vector of Bois noir disease in grapevine. Investigation centered on its flight activity and occurrence on bindweed and stinging nettle and, to a lesser extent, hedge bindweed and dead-nettle in North-Eastern Italy. The survey underlined the importance of bindweed in the insect lifecycle in Northern Italy, where only data from stinging nettle had previously been recorded. H. obsoletus nymphs were found for the first time on the roots of dead-nettle, which proved to be a new host plant. The first observation in Italy of nymphs on hedge bindweed roots was also recorded