Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Composicao quimica e valor energetico de silagem de grao de milho para suinos.

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Interrelações entre a profundidade do solo e o substrato geológico na região centro-leste de Minas Gerais

O estudo das interrelações entre profundidade do solo e o substrato geológico de uma área é importante para a compreensão da gênese do solo e seus atributos físicos, químicos e morfológicos, constituindo-se em importante ferramenta para avaliar a influência das características do material de origem no grau de intemperismo e, consequentemente, na profundidade do perfil do solo. Com o objetivo de estabelecer essas relações, levantaram-se informações detalhadas quanto aos aspectos geológicos, como: litotipos, constituição, minerais principais, textura, granulação e cor das rochas das regiões de Cocais, Rio Doce, Sabinópolis, Virginópolis e Santa Bárbara, em Minas Gerais, bem como suas classes de solos e a profundidade de aparecimento dos horizontes B/C ou C. Essas relações foram obtidas por meio de um sistema geográfico de informações e de uma análise estatística simples entre os litotipos e profundidade dos solos. A partir dessas relações foi possível agrupar os valores médios de profundidade do solo de acordo com o material de origem, propiciando uma análise de agrupamento pelo método de minimização da variância (CLUSTERMV-SAEG), utilizando-se a distância euclidiana média. Os resultados indicam que materiais bandados em relação a rochas maciças estão relacionados com perfis mais profundos, da mesma forma que rochas com granulação mais grossa têm maior capacidade de intemperização e, portanto, estão relacionadas com solos mais profundos

Figure 26 in The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha)

Figure 26. Comparative plate of metriorhynchid skulls in dorsal view. A, the early diverging Thalattosuchus superciliosus, lectotype MNHN.F RJN 256; B, the rhacheosaurin Cricosaurus araucanensis, holotype MLP 72-IV-7-1; C, the dakosaurin Dakosaurus andiniensis, referred specimen MOZ-PV 6146. All scale bars equal 10 cm

Table 1 in The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha)

Table 1. List of thalattosuchian family-groups validly established under the Zoological Code, with the nominal authors who first used a particular rank. Stem Superfamily Family Subfamily Tribe Subtribe Aeolodon Johnson et al. 2020a Johnson et al. 2022b 5 Mystriosaurus Fitzinger 1843 Machimosaurus Johnson et al. 2020a Johnson et al. 2020a Jouve et al. 2016 Steneosaurus Vogt 18511 Teleosaurus Delfino and Dal Sasso 2006 Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1831 Bonaparte 1838 Pelagosaurus Haeckel 1895 Teleidosaurus Haeckel 1895 Neustosaurus Arldt 1907 Metriorhynchus Frey et al. 2002 2,3 Fitzinger 1843 Lydekker 1888a Cricosaurus Koken 1888 4 Rhacheosaurus Young et al. 2011a Geosaurus Bonaparte 1850 Bonaparte 1845 Cau and Fanti 2011 Foffa et al. 2018 Plesiosuchus Young et al., 2014b Dakosaurus Herein 1 We are awaiting for the ICZN to rule on changing the type species of Steneosaurus before using a Steneosaurus -based family-group.We strongly recommend other authors do as well. 2 Frey et al. (2002: 1468) was the first to use Metriorhynchoidea as a family-group nomen, following the unpublished taxonomy of Vignaud (1995). 3 Deraniyagala (1939) referred to Metriorhynchoidea as a suborder and not as a superfamily, however he was the first to use the nomen. 4 As mentioned above,we strongly recommend Cricosaurus is not used as the stem of a nomen due to the older pre-existing Cricosaura -based Cricosaurinae. 5 Aeolodontini were established by Johnson et al. (2022b) under the PhyloCode but has never been formally established under the Zoological Code.Young, M. T., Wilberg, E. W., Johnson, M. M., Herrera, Y., Brandalise, M. de A., Brignon, A., Sachs, S., Abel, P., Foffa, D., Fernández, M. S., Vignaud, P., Cowgill, T., & Brusatte, S. L. (2024). Table 1 in The history, systematics, and nomenclature of Thalattosuchia (Archosauria: Crocodylomorpha) [Data set]. In Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Vol. 200, Number 2, p. 559). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1515758

Certain aspects of uncoupling due to mitochondrial uncoupling proteins in vitro and in vivo

AbstractThermogenic uncoupling has been proven only for UCP1 in brown adipose tissue. All other isoforms of UCPs are potentially acting in suppression of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In this contribution we show that BAT mitochondria can be uncoupled by lauric acid in the range of ∼100 nM when endogenous fatty acids are combusted by carnitine cycle and β-oxidation is properly separated from the uncoupling effect. Respiration increased up to 3 times when related to the lowest fatty acid content (BSA present plus carnitine cycle). We also illustrated that any effect leading to more coupled states leads to enhanced H2O2 generation and any effect resulting in uncoupling gives reduced H2O2 generation in BAT mitochondria. Finally, we report doubling of plant UCP transcript in cells as well as amount of protein detected by 3H-GTP-binding sites in mitochondria of shoots and roots of maize seedlings subjected to the salt stress