Multi-Attribute Choice Modeling of Australia’s Rivers and Wetlands: A Meta-Analysis of Ten Years of Research

A meta-analysis is presented of the empirical findings of 10 years of choice experiment applications to water and wetland management issues in Australia. A random effects Tobit model is estimated to investigate the suitability of using existing willingness to pay (WTP) values derived from estimated choice models for the purpose of benefits transfer. The random effects model outperforms the fixed effects model in terms of predictive power. An analysis of variance reveals that the survey method, sample size, and statistical model are important determinants of estimation precision and error. The use of different attributes, measurement units and levels in choice experiments makes it hard to compare WTP values for environmental attributes from different studies. The benefits associated with current and possible future use of the water resources are valued significantly higher than the nonuse benefits. Except for the systematically lower values for the Fitzroy, WTP values are more or less transferable across catchments. Other important control variables when transferring the results from choice models across water and wetland policy contexts include income levels of the population of beneficiaries and methodological study characteristics such as the number of choice tasks in the choice experiment.choice experiments, stated preferences, value transfer, validity

Dynamics in crop protection, agriculture and the food chain in Europe

Overview on the vital role of plant protection in Europe in maintaining and enhancing the dynamics of agricultural production and the food chain. The report offers an overview of the achievements of more sustainable production methods in European agriculture, and the actions taken by the farming community in response to private market initiatives and public policies. Such actions establish new farming systems. The report offers factual information, as well as analyses to put trends in context

The chiral symplectic universality class

We report a numerical investigation of localization in the SU(2) model without diagonal disorder. At the band center, chiral symmetry plays an important role. Our results indicate that states at the band center are critical. States away from the band center but not too close to the edge of the spectrum are metallic as expected for Hamiltonians with symplectic symmetry.Comment: accepted in Proceedings of Localisation 2002 Conference, Tokyo, Japan (to be published as supplement of J. Phys. Soc. Japan

Bott periodicity for the topological classification of gapped states of matter with reflection symmetry

Using a dimensional reduction scheme based on scattering theory, we show that the classification tables for topological insulators and superconductors with reflection symmetry can be organized in two period-two and four period-eight cycles, similar to the Bott periodicity found for topological insulators and superconductors without spatial symmetries. With the help of the dimensional reduction scheme the classification in arbitrary dimensions $d \ge 1$ can be obtained from the classification in one dimension, for which we present a derivation based on relative homotopy groups and exact sequences to classify one-dimensional insulators and superconductors with reflection symmetry. The resulting classification is fully consistent with a comprehensive classification obtained recently by Shiozaki and Sato [Phys.\ Rev.\ B {\bf 90}, 165114 (2014)]. The use of a scattering-matrix inspired method allows us to address the second descendant \bZ_2 phase, for which the topological nontrivial phase was previously reported to be vulnerable to perturbations that break translation symmetry.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figure

Why not be a desertist?: Three arguments for desert and against luck egalitarianism

Many philosophers believe that luck egalitarianism captures “desert-like” intuitions about justice. Some even think that luck egalitariansm distributes goods in accordance with desert. In this paper, we argue that this is wrong. Desertism conflicts with luck egalitarianism in three important contexts, and, in these contexts, desertism renders the proper moral judgment. First, compared to desertism, luck egalitarianism is sometimes too stingy: it fails to justly compensate people for their socially valuable contributions—when those contributions arose from “option luck”. Second, luck egalitarianism is sometimes too restrictive: it fails to justly compensate people who make a social contribution when that contribution arose from “brute luck”. Third, luck egalitarianism is too limited in scope: it cannot diagnose economic injustice arising independently of comparative levels of justice. The lesson of this paper is that luck egalitarians should consider supplementing their theory with desert considerations. Or, even better, consider desertism as a superior alternative to their theory

Pumped current and voltage for an adiabatic quantum pump

We consider adiabatic pumping of electrons through a quantum dot. There are two ways to operate the pump: to create a dc current ${\bar I}$ or to create a dc voltage ${\bar V}$. We demonstrate that, for very slow pumping, ${\bar I}$ and ${\bar V}$ are not simply related via the dc conductance $G$ as $\bar I = \bar V G$. For the case of a chaotic quantum dot, we consider the statistical distribution of ${\bar V} G - {\bar I}$. Results are presented for the limiting cases of a dot with single channel and with multichannel point contacts.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Multiple crossovers in interacting quantum wires

We study tunneling of electrons into and between interacting wires in the spin-incoherent regime subject to a magnetic field. The tunneling currents follow power laws of the applied voltage with exponents that depend on whether the electron spins at the relevant length scales are polarized or disordered. The crossover length (or energy) scale is exponential in the applied field. In a finite size wire multiple crossovers can occur.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure