Peen plating

A process for metal plating which comprises spraying a mixture of metallic powder and small peening particles at high velocity against a surface is described. The velocity must be sufficient to impact and bond metallic powder onto the surface. In the case of metal surfaces, the process has as one of its advantages providing mechanical working (hardening) of the surface simultaneously with the metal plating

Plating by glass-bead peening

Technique permits plating of primarily metallic substrates with either metals or nonmetals at normal temperature. Peening uses compressed air to apply concurrent streams of small glass beads and powdered plating material to the substrate

Problematyka wizerunkowego modelowania polskości w podręcznikach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego – między obrazem a tekstem

Autorzy podejmują problematykę, w której kompetencje odbiorcy zbiorowego (studentów podejmujących naukę języka polskiego jako obcego) kształtowane są z wykorzystaniem specyficznej formy podawczej – wizerunku polskości. Jej obecność w analizowanych tekstach i w obrazach niezwykle często przypomina charakterystyką i strukturą przekazu komunikaty reklamowe. W światach modelowanych przez dysponentów treści edukacyjnych polskość jako kategoria opisowa koresponduje z tym, co nowoczesne, dynamiczne, w konsekwencji zaś konotujące wyłącznie pozytywy. Biorąc pod uwagę powyższe zmienne, autorzy analizują procesy modelowania polskości oraz ich wizerunkowe efekty, uwzględniając dystynktywne dla metodologii badania wizerunku płaszczyzny: psychologiczną, socjologiczną, komunikacyjną.The issue of shaping the students’ competence with the image of Polishness is discussed in the article. The way Polishness is presented in the analyzed texts resembles (in its characteristics and the way it is transmitted) advertising texts. Polishness as a descriptive category corresponds to what is modern, dynamic, and, consequently, positive. The authors analyze the processes of modeling “Polishness” and their visual effects. The aspects specific for the methodology of image analysis: psychological, sociological, and communicative, are taken into consideration

Polish political browser games as generative metaphors: analysis of structures and functions

This article describes a study of 33 Polish political browser games, which are left of the set of 51 applications developed by Polish Internet users from 2005 to 2020. These considerations concern mainly the metaphorical messages conveyed in these games, in particular which features make browser games metaphorical messages, and what game structure is necessary to convey such messages. Differentiation of these game types is equally important. Owing to it, they can participate in expressive and explanatory communication.This article describes a study of 33 Polish political browser games, which are left of the set of 51 applications developed by Polish Internet users from 2005 to 2020. These considerations concern mainly the metaphorical messages conveyed in these games, in particular which features make browser games metaphorical messages, and what game structure is necessary to convey such messages. Differentiation of these game types is equally important. Owing to it, they can participate in expressive and explanatory communication

The Identity and Integration of the Quichua-speaking People of Highland Ecuador

In 1990 a massive pan-indigenous uprising occurred throughoutEcuador. This uprising paralyzed the nation and brought the newly politicized ethnicity of indigenous people as political actors to national attention. This led to an increasingly contentious struggle for power, related to the historical verticality of classes based upon ethnicity. But why did ethnicity now become politicized in such an explosive manner and how is this politicized identity formed? Examining historical context, we trace the evolution of state discourse which greatly shapes identity from one of separation and segregation of indigenous peoples and Hispanic elites, to greater inclusion of all populations as citizens. Attempts have been made by the Ecuadorian state to integrate all populations. In this integration, for the sake of “modernization”, indigenous people were pushed to lose their languages and traditions in order to conform to a peasant class and to espouse a sense of citizenship and belonging to their government. In response indigenous peoples have politicized their ethnicity to become powerful actors who have demanded the recognition of pluri-ethnicity and multi-culturality inEcuador, thereby establishing their minority rights. The history of ethnic relations inEcuadorwill be examined. The official national discourse from the state regarding identity and integration has been disseminated through vehicles like public schools, the national census, popular folklore, and ethnographic museums. Through ethnography the reality of the fluidity of identity can be examined as a response to the state’s official discourse, giving us knowledge of how theory and reality intersect

Metallurgical aspects of reliability for small nitrided parts

Metallurgical aspects of reliability for small nitrided components in spacecraft drive system

Graphical Designs and Gale Duality

A graphical design is a subset of graph vertices such that the weighted averages of certain graph eigenvectors over the design agree with their global averages. We use Gale duality to show that positively weighted graphical designs in regular graphs are in bijection with the faces of a generalized eigenpolytope of the graph. This connection can be used to organize, compute and optimize designs. We illustrate the power of this tool on three families of Cayley graphs -- cocktail party graphs, cycles, and graphs of hypercubes -- by computing or bounding the smallest designs that average all but the last eigenspace in frequency order. We also prove that unless NP = coNP, there cannot be an efficient description of all minimal designs that average a fixed number of eigenspaces in a graph.Comment: 30 pages, 14 figures, 1 tabl

Islamski jihad w amerykańskim kinie. Terror i rozrywka

Two American professors of mass communication: James Wilson and Stan Wilson have written that “by the 1990s a television version of the titillating sensationalism of tabloid newspapers had emerged as a new genre of television programming”. They had in mind mostly tabloid TV based on crime, blood and sex. New millennium has brought another kind of entertainment, inspired by 9/11 terror attacks. It includes new genres of television, Hollywood movies etc., and becomes a profitable branch of mass culture. Since 9/11 American moviemaking refreshed political fiction, but this time it is focused on the Islamic idea of jihad. 21st century has changed nature of this traditional Muslim term. According to Benjamin Barber jihad stopped to be Islamic and nowadays the idea becomes part of Western point of view: a reason to support American propaganda hidden inside mass distributed movies. Barber explains jihad as a postmodern ideology which uses financial infrastructure and show business to spread on.Two American professors of mass communication: James Wilson and Stan Wilson have written that “by the 1990s a television version of the titillating sensationalism of tabloid newspapers had emerged as a new genre of television programming”. They had in mind mostly tabloid TV based on crime, blood and sex. New millennium has brought another kind of entertainment, inspired by 9/11 terror attacks. It includes new genres of television, Hollywood movies etc., and becomes a profitable branch of mass culture. Since 9/11 American moviemaking refreshed political fiction, but this time it is focused on the Islamic idea of jihad. 21st century has changed nature of this traditional Muslim term. According to Benjamin Barber jihad stopped to be Islamic and nowadays the idea becomes part of Western point of view: a reason to support American propaganda hidden inside mass distributed movies. Barber explains jihad as a postmodern ideology which uses financial infrastructure and show business to spread on

Literatura nie stwarza bariery ekranu… (Rec.: Gieorgij Efron. Rododendron na Alasce. Twórczość literacka 1941–1944. Szczytno: Wydawnictwo GregArt, 2023, 256 s.)

In the 21st century, the creators of global, multimedia social platforms aspire to convince their existing and potential audiences at all costs that on-screen “cognition”, or in practical terms, viewing the world, is the most attractive, and that it is above all other forms of mediated experience. These technical conveniences, however, are focused on reporting on the “here” and “now”. They very rarely show past events that are important from a beyond-individual and socio-cultural perspective. This is their disadvantage. They have other ones as well. This type of media separates us from the world with a screen barrier. They do not stimulate and develop imagination either, as they are passive, while literature is active. These differences are increasingly difficult to discern today. However, it fortunately becomes possible, when such a publication as Rododendron na Alaska. Twórczość literacka 1941–1944, translated by Grzegorz Ojcewicz, with an introduction by Jolanta Brzykcy, comes into our hands. This publication takes us on a journey to times gone by. The book allows us to see and hear places with their smells and sounds. This edition lets us meet real people like Gieorgij Efron, and at least, for a brief moment, lets us feel the emotions he experienced and which resonated in him.W XXI wieku twórcy globalnych multimedialnych platform społecznościowych dążą do tego, by za wszelką cenę przekonać swoich dotychczasowych i potencjalnych odbiorców, że ekranowe „poznawanie”, a w praktyce oglądanie świata, jest najatrakcyjniejsze i przewyższa wszelkie inne formy zapośredniczonego doświadczenia. Te techniczne udogodnienia są jednak nastawione na relacjonowanie tego, co tu i teraz. Bardzo rzadko ukazują wydarzenia minione, ważne w ujęciu ponadjednostkowym i społeczno-kulturowym. To ich wada. Mają jeszcze inne. Media tego rodzaju oddzielają nas od świata barierą ekranu. Nie stymulują i nie rozwijają też wyobraźni, gdyż są pasywne, a literatura aktywna. Owe różnice coraz trudniej dziś dostrzec. Staje się to jednak możliwe wówczas, gdy do naszych rąk trafia, taka publikacja jak Rododendron na Alasce. Twórczość literacka 1941–1944 w przekładzie Grzegorza Ojcewicza i ze wstępem Jolanty Brzykcy. Publikacja, która zabiera nas w podróż do minionych czasów. Pozwala zobaczyć i usłyszeć miejsca z ich zapachami oraz dźwiękami. Spotkać się z ludźmi z krwi i kości, takimi jak Gieorgij Efron, i choć przez krótką chwilę poczuć emocje, których doświadczał i które w nim rezonowały.W XXI wieku twórcy globalnych multimedialnych platform społecznościowych dążą do tego, by za wszelką cenę przekonać swoich dotychczasowych i potencjalnych odbiorców, że ekranowe „poznawanie”, a w praktyce oglądanie świata, jest najatrakcyjniejsze i przewyższa wszelkie inne formy zapośredniczonego doświadczenia. Te techniczne udogodnienia są jednak nastawione na relacjonowanie tego, co tu i teraz. Bardzo rzadko ukazują wydarzenia minione, ważne w ujęciu ponadjednostkowym i społeczno-kulturowym. To ich wada. Mają jeszcze inne. Media tego rodzaju oddzielają nas od świata barierą ekranu. Nie stymulują i nie rozwijają też wyobraźni, gdyż są pasywne, a literatura aktywna. Owe różnice coraz trudniej dziś dostrzec. Staje się to jednak możliwe wówczas, gdy do naszych rąk trafia, taka publikacja jak Rododendron na Alasce. Twórczość literacka 1941–1944 w przekładzie Grzegorza Ojcewicza i ze wstępem Jolanty Brzykcy. Publikacja, która zabiera nas w podróż do minionych czasów. Pozwala zobaczyć i usłyszeć miejsca z ich zapachami oraz dźwiękami. Spotkać się z ludźmi z krwi i kości, takimi jak Gieorgij Efron, i choć przez krótką chwilę poczuć emocje, których doświadczał i które w nim rezonowały

Effectiveness of cooperative and competitive shared control

Advances in technology place ever increasing demands for effective interactions be tween humans and machines. Human-machine interaction (HMI) that incorporates shared control, in which the human and machines both simultaneously in uence the outcome, may lead to a more natural interaction between people and machines. This natural interaction could be particularly beneficial in assistive devices that are used to increase, maintain, or improve capabilities of individuals. An interactive computer simulation of an inverted pendulum which takes input from artificial and human controllers was programmed in Matlab to determine the effec tiveness of cooperative shared control. A proportional-derivative (PD) controller was used as the artificial/computer side of the shared control. Input from a human op erator was obtained using an Xbox 360 controller, with biofeedback provided by a at panel display. The artificial controller and human worked together to balance the inverted pendulum vertically and prevent it from falling below the horizontal axis. Random perturbations were provided to destabilize the system. The amount of time in which a participant could maintain stability was used as a performance measure ment. In competitive shared control the computer assists the human in completing the pri mary task. However, in addition, the human works to achieve a secondary task while working symbiotically with the artificial controller. This may result in conditions where the human is competing with the artificial controller to achieve dierent goals. Note that this type of shared control is different than the winner takes all competitive control because in uence from each source is always present. The amount of time the pendulum is balanced and how long the pendulum remained within the target area was used as a performance measurement. A total of 20 participants for the cooperative shared control and 12 participants for the competitive shared control were evaluated at 26 different testing conditions in a pseudo-randomized order. Each test condition was repeated three times for each participant and the result for each test condition was averaged. The results from both the cooperative and competitive shared control testing were very promising. The results showed that blended shared control can outperform a human and that higher performance can be achieved by increasing the PD level. Blended shared control can also perform better than an artificial PD controller alone when the diffculty increases beyond the controller's capabilities. This same observation can be made when comparing blended shared control to additive performance. Competitive testing was also able to show that giving the human a secondary task to complete did not interfere with primary task completion. By lightening the load of a primary task, blended shared control could enable someone to perform additional tasks or allow them to perform them better than they could on their own