The Relationship Between Natural Resource Dependence, Financial Sector Development And Sectoral Growth: The Case Of Republic Of Yemen

Kajian ini mengkaji secara empirikal kesan kebergantugan kepada sumber asli ke atas pembangunan sektor kewangan di Yaman, dan juga kesannya terhadap hubungan antara pembangunan kewangan dan pertumbuhan sektor. Dengan menggunakan data siri masa untuk tempoh tahun 1980-2012 dan kaedah Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), keputusan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa kebergantungan kepada sumber asli menghalang tahap pembangunan sektor kewangan di Yaman. Di samping itu, kebergantungan kepada sumber asli juga melemahkan kecekapan sektor kewangan. Keupayaan sektor kewangan untuk menyalurkan tabungan kepada pelaburan menjadi lemah, di mana sumbangan sektor swasta dalam process pembangunan menjadi terhad. Kebergantugan kepada sumber asli di Yaman juga meninggalkan satu kesan yang nyata iaitu sektor kewangan gagal menunjukkan peranannya dalam pertumbuhan sektor benar (i.e., sektor pertanian dan sektor pembuatan). Akhir sekali, kebergantungan kepada sumber asli juga didapati mempengaruhi secara langsung ke atas pertumbuhan sektor pertanian dan pembuatan di mana ia menunjukkan bahawa sumpahan sumber asli berfungsi melalui mekanisma “Dutch disease”. This study aims to empirically examine the impact of natural resource dependence on the financial development in Yemen, as well as on the relationship between financial development and sectoral growth. Using time series data over the period 1980-2012, along with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach; the study finds that natural resource dependence hampers the level of financial sector development in Yemen. Additionally, the study reveals that the natural resource dependence weakens the relationship between financial development and growth. This effect is transmitted through the quantitative channel rather than the qualitative channel. Moreover, natural resource dependence has a significant negative impact on the growth of the agriculture and manufacturing sectors. These findings are a clear manifestation that the natural resource curse in Yemen works through the Dutch disease mechanism

INVESTIGATION OF THE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF HYSTERESIS MOTORS USING MATLAB/SIMULINK

The hysteresis motor starts by virtue of hysteresis losses induced in its rotor. Hysteresis motors are widely used in small motor applications. In this paper the dynamic performance of hysteresis motors is investigated. A mathematical model is applied to analyze the transient and dynamic stability of this electrical machine type. The transient and dynamic stability studies examine the performance of the motor under transient condition and when the system is perturbed about some operating point, ie , small-signal analysis. In addition, in this paper, the mathematical based d , q axis model is incorporated in Matlab/Simulink tools for analysis and simulation purposes. This incorporation is considered a trend in applying new computerized tools in electrical machines simulation, design and analysis. The model offers a tool for studying the dynamic stability of the hysteresis motor for small-scale perturbations such as changes in motor's input supply voltage or frequency or in its output load torque as well as under other various conditions

A Comprehensive Review of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and Its Association with Multiple Sclerosis-Like Phenotypes Known as Harding’s Disease

Jehad Alorainy,1 Yara Alorfi,2 Rustum Karanjia,3– 5 Nooran Badeeb6 1College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 3Doheny Eye Centers, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, UCLA Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7000, USA; 4Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, the Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada; 5Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 6Department of Ophthalmology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Nooran Badeeb, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Email [email protected]: Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) stands as a distinctive maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder marked by painless, subacute central vision loss, primarily affecting young males. This review covers the possible relationship between LHON and multiple sclerosis (MS), covering genetic mutations, clinical presentations, imaging findings, and treatment options. LHON is associated with mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), notably m.11778G>A, m.3460G>A, and m.14484T>C, affecting complex I subunits. Beyond ocular manifestations, LHON can go beyond the eye into a multi-systemic disorder, showcasing extraocular abnormalities. Clinical presentations, varying in gender prevalence and outcomes, underscore the nature of mitochondrial optic neuropathies. Hypotheses exploring the connection between LHON and MS encompass mitochondrial DNA mutations triggering neurological diseases, immunologically mediated responses inducing demyelination, and the possibility of coincidental diseases. The research on mtDNA mutations among MS patients sheds light on potential associations with specific clinical subgroups, offering a unique perspective into the broader landscape of MS. Imaging findings, ranging from white matter alterations to cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, further emphasize shared pathological processes between LHON-MS and classical MS. This comprehensive review contributes to the understanding of the complex relationship between LHON and MS.Keywords: visual impairment, mitochondrial DNA, demyelination diseases, neuro-ophthalmolog

The resource curse revisited: A Bayesian model averaging approach

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. The evidence for the effects of oil rents on growth is mixed, a result which can be explained with model uncertainty. We address the issue using Bayesian Model Averaging techniques and an updated cross-country data set for long-term growth in the period 1970–2014, including 91 countries and 54 potential growth determinants. We do not find empirical evidence for the existence of a “natural resource curse” in our sample. On the contrary, our results suggest a robust positive effect of oil rents on long-term economic growth. We then introduce interaction terms of oil rents with potential conditions under which oil dependency can lead to sub-standard growth. The results indicate that the positive effect of oil rents may be conditional on the quality of institutions. We test the robustness of our results using a panel data set and find neither a curse nor a positive effect of oil rents on short- to medium-run growth

Neural crest derivatives in ocular development: Discerning the eye of the storm

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111961/1/bdrc21095.pd

Environmental implications of increased US oil production and liberal growth agenda in post-Paris Agreement era

Contextualising on the internationally low oil prices era and historically high oil production in USA and refusal to honour the commitments under Paris Agreement (COP: 21), this study investigates the role of education, oil prices and natural resources on energy demand and CO2 emissions in the USA for the period of 1976–2016. In so doing, we employed a bounds testing approach to cointegration accounting for structural breaks in the series. Key findings suggest the presence of a long-run association between underlying variables. The abundance of natural resources and economic growth of the US economy seem to weigh on environmental quality by increasing energy consumption and carbon emissions. Oil prices show a negative association with energy consumption as well as carbon emissions suggesting that a low oil prices regime can lead to an increase in carbon emissions and energy consumption. Interestingly, education seems to play an important role by reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions, resultantly improving the US environmental quality. Our findings have profound environmental implications in terms of efforts to tackle climate change and meeting the Paris agreement (COP: 21) ambitions with reality and USA policy stance

CYP1B1 mutations in patients with primary congenital glaucoma from Saudi Arabia

Contains fulltext : 138562.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: CYP1B1 is the most commonly mutated gene in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). This study was undertaken to identify mutations in CYP1B1 in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: Blood of patients who had typical findings of PCG, were screened by direct sequencing of all coding exons and splice junctions of the CYP1B1 gene. RESULTS: 34 patients were studied; 18 patients belonged to 8 families, and 16 patients were non-familial, isolated PCG. Consanguinity was found in 27/34 (79.4%) of cases. All patients were diagnosed to have bilateral PCG at birth except one child, who had glaucoma in the right eye. More males (61.8%) were affected than females (38.2%). 79.4% (27/34) of patients were solved with pathogenic mutations and 20.6% (7/34) remained unsolved. Of the solved ones, 22.2% (6/27) of patients carry a pathogenic allele on one allele while the other allele remained yet to be determined. Direct sequencing of exon 2 revealed two pathogenic variants (p.Gly61Glu, p.Glu229Lys). P.Gly61Glu substitution was found both homozygously in 63% (17/27) of cases, and heterozygously in one patient. P.Glu229Lys variant was found heterozygous in 3.7% (1/27) of cases. One pathogenic variant (p.Arg469Trp) was found in exon 3, and is present homozygously in 14.8% (4/27) of cases while four patients have this variant heterozygously. All mutations were reported previously in the Saudi population, except p.Glu229Lys. Severe cases were associated with p.Gly61Glu, and p.Arg469Trp in 50% and 30% of ten patients respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that CYP1B1 mutations are the most frequent cause of PCG in the Saudi population, with p.Gly61Glu being the major disease-associated mutation. P.Glu229Lys is a newly discovered mutation in our PCG patients. Patient lacking mutation in CYP1B1 gene seems likely, to have another genetic loci involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, and need further study. Genetic studies of recessive diseases such as PCG is important in consanguineous populations, since it will increase awareness and allows genetic counseling to be offered to patients and their relatives. This will not only reduce the disease to be inherited to future generations, but will also reduce the disease burden in the community